Combined functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication in patient in completely locked-in state (CLIS: completely locked in state).

结合功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）和基于脑电图（EEG）的脑机接口（BCI），用于在完全锁定状态（CLIS：完全锁定状态）下与患者进行通信。在工作组研究工作的基础上（见DFG以前的项目），开发了一种用于肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）患者语言交流的新型脑机接口（BCI）。在我们能够证明在CLIS中工具学习是困难的之后，我们在过去几年中第一次能够在CLIS中实现简单的交流。导致这一成功的主要修改是使用代谢脑反应（NIRS）与简单的经典条件BCI相结合。在CLIS，这种新的BCI系统的通信率（以前只能回答是或否）平均为70%。在该项目中，通过fNIRS脑反应的功能连接的在线分类的通信成功（在几百天内测量）通过用EEG在线校正注意力不集中和睡眠阶段提供是和否反应，显著高于80%。这将有助于提高沟通的限度，大大提高生活质量，以及对CLIS患者的认知和情感过程进行神经科学研究的可能性。在第三部分中，我们将尝试设计一个拼写器，它基于CLIS广泛而成功（约80%）的交流后的简单经典条件反射，这将帮助患者选择字母并组成句子。这将是系统研究大脑反应性，内部，主观状态和认知情绪处理的患者在完全锁定状态下几年没有任何运动技能的基础。

Combined functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication in patient in completely locked-in state (CLIS: completely locked in state). On the basis of the research work of the working group (see previous DFG projects) a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) for verbal communication in patients in CLIS due to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was developed. After we were able to demonstrate that in CLIS instrumental learning is difficult, we for the first time in the last few years were able to achieve simple communication in CLIS. The main modifications which led to this success were the use of metabolic brain responses (NIRS) in combination with a simple classical conditioning BCI. The communication rates with this new BCI system (only yes or no answers were previously possible) are on average at CLIS 70%. In this project the communication successes (measured over several hundred days) by on-line classification of functional connectivity of the fNIRS brain responses provide yes and No responses by on-line correction of inattention and sleep phases with the EEG is significantly higher than the 80%. This will help raise the limit of communication and enormously raise the quality of life as well as the possibility of neuro scientific studies on cognitive and emotional processes in CLIS patient. In the third part of the project attempts will be made to design a speller, based on the simple classical conditioned responses after extensive and successful (about 80%) communications by CLIS, which will help patient to select letters and form sentences. This will be the basis for the systematic investigation of the brain responsiveness, the inner, subjective states and cognitive-emotional processing in patients in completely locked-in state for several years without any motor skills.