Persian in the Ottoman Empire, as reflected in selected farhangs (dictionaries) of the 15-18th century: a cultural ‚transottoman configuration‘

从11世纪到19世纪，波斯语在东方伊斯兰世界的大片地区是一种重要的、极具影响力的文学、教育语言，在一定程度上也是行政和外交语言。波斯语作为一种文学语言和通用语言的动态和分散，以及它令人惊讶的生命力和连续性，还没有得到足够的研究。根据16世纪上半叶的波斯语-突厥语词典，选择了一组定义明确的主要来源，以研究波斯语作为通用语言的重要性和发展。在第一个项目阶段，研究、编辑和翻译了在1460年至1600年之间编写的26本词典的序言和共鸣音。对词典编写者之间的相互关系和依存关系及其动机和目标取得了一致的认识，可以勾勒出语言和文化知识的发展及其一个半世纪的转移。后续项目将扩大该项目的来源基础、问题和目标。根据项目第一阶段的成果，可以更准确和具体地确定第二阶段工作过程的目标和步骤。研究的重点不再是前言，而是词典的正文。除了波斯语和土耳其语外，词典中包含的阿拉伯元素也将被系统地收录。基于一个约300字的数据库，将对词典的相互联系和相互依存进行统计调查。从这个数据库中，将选择大约30-40个单词进行更详细的语言学分析，目的是研究波斯语、突厥语和阿拉伯语三种语言之间的复杂相互关系，同时也研究词位的语义发展，以及概念史上的术语。此外，还将选择较少数量的词典来研究语法知识的发展。

From the 11 to 19 century, Persian was an important and highly influential language of literature, education, partly also of administration and diplomacy, in large regions of the Eastern Islamic World. The dynamics and dispersion of Persian as a language of literature, and a lingua franca, and its surprising vitality and continuity, have not yet been studied sufficiently.With Persian-Turkic dictionaries from the first half of the 16th century, a well-defined group of primary sources is selected, so as to study the importance and development of Persian as a lingua franca. During the 1st project phase, the prefaces and colophones of 26 dictionaries that had been composed between 1460 and 1600, were studied, edited and translated. A consistent picture of interrelations and dependencies between the authors of the dictionaries, and of their motivations and aims, was attained, and a development of linguistic and cultural knowledge, and its transfer over one and a half centuries, could be sketched.The follow-up project will broaden the source basis, the questions and aims of the project. Based upon the results of the first project phase, the aims and the steps of the working process of the second phase can be defined more exactly and concretely. The focus of the study is no longer on the prefaces, but on the dictionaries' main text now. In addition to Persian and Turkish, the Arabic elements contained in the dictionaries will also be included systematically.Based upon a data base of ca. 300 words, the interrelations and interdepencies of the dictionaries will be investigated statistically. From this data base, ca. 30-40 words will be selected for a more detailed philological analysis, with the aim to study the complex interrelation of the three languages Persian, Turkic, and Arabic, but also to study semantic developments of lexemes, and terms of conceptual history. Besides, a smaller number of dictionaries will be selected to study the development of grammatical knowledge.