The Iron Age settlement of Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg in the Upper Inn Valley, Tyrol - Settlement structure and cultural change in an alpine transit region from the beginning of the Fritzens-Sanzeno Culture to the transition into the Roman Age

自2018年2月以来，在DFG的资助下，巴伐利亚科学院对Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg(蒂罗尔)铁器时代聚落的考古发掘结果进行了科学评估。该项目获得了为期三年的资助(2018年2月至2021年1月)，包括对建筑特征和广泛发现的评估，以及对铁器时代晚期(公元前5世纪--基督诞生前后)泰尔夫斯山谷盆地聚落集群发展的研究。考古成果得到了几个学科的自然科学调查的补充：考古学、考古植物学、煤炭学、树状年代学、同位素(动物骨骼)、栅格电子显微镜(有色金属发现)和矿渣分析。两年后，以下工作完成：深入描述建筑特征、评估金属发现、检查动物骨骼、评估矿渣、绘制所有非陶瓷发现和大约三分之二的陶器的图纸，以及挖掘计划的数字化。对发现的有色金属进行了物质分析，但尚未进行最终评价。到目前为止，各个项目区的结果提供了关于铁器时代聚落的结构和经济、房屋建造和工艺以及居民饮食的详细信息，而且往往是特殊的信息。这些见解提出了新的问题，将在进一步的植物学调查、进一步的动物遗骸同位素分析和石器文物的考古冶金评估过程中进行调查。对土壤样本的植物学评估显示，出人意料地有数量如此之多的植物遗骸具有如此非凡的多样性，以至于它们的全面评估只有在项目的第三年才能完成。初步结果表明，可以预期对整个中部阿尔卑斯山地区在铁器时代晚期的农业和环境的基本见解。对于烧焦的建筑木材的树状年代学测年，需要额外的树轮系列的14C数据来用绝对数据来证实聚落地层学。自从最初的申请被提交以来，关于泰尔夫斯盆地新遗址的丰富的新信息已经获得，这些信息必须经过严格的审查并纳入预期的聚落考古研究。对于全面的考古评估，包括来自自然科学贡献的补充信息，正在申请将主要考古研究人员的职位延长18个月。在此期间，制作一份完整的、可印刷的手稿是现实的，从而确保以综合出版物的形式向科学界展示普法芬霍芬-霍滕贝格的独特考古特征。

Since February 2018, the results of archaeological excavations in the Iron Age settlement of Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg (Tyrol) have been scientifically evaluated at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences with funding from the DFG. The project, which has been granted funding for three years (February 2018 – January 2021), includes the evaluation of the building features and the extensive finds, as well as a study of the development of the settlement cluster in the Telfs valley basin during the Late Iron Age (5th century B.C. – around the birth of Christ). The archaeological results are supplemented by natural-scientific investigations of several disciplines: archaeozoology, archaeobotany, anthracology, dendrochronology, isotopy (animal bones), raster electron microscopy (non-ferrous metal finds) and slag analyses.After two years, the following work is completed: In-depth description of the building features, evaluation of the metal finds, examination of the animal bones, evaluation of the slag, drawings of all non-ceramic finds and about two thirds of the pottery, as well as the digitalisation of the excavation plans. The material analyses of the non-ferrous metal finds have been carried out, but have not yet been conclusively evaluated. The results of the individual project areas so far provide detailed and often exceptional information on the structure and economy of an Iron Age settlement, on house building and craftsmanship, and on the diet of the inhabitants. These insights have raised new questions, which will be investigated in the course of additional botanical investigations, further isotope analyses of animal remains, and an archaeometallurgical assessment of the stone artefacts.The botanical evaluation of the soil samples revealed an unexpectedly high number of plant remains of such extraordinary diversity that their full evaluation can only be completed in the third year of the project. The preliminary results indicate that fundamental insights into the agriculture and environment of the entire Central Alpine region during the Late Iron Age can be expected. For the dendrochronological dating of the charred building timber, additional 14C-data of tree-ring series are necessary to substantiate the settlement stratigraphy with absolute data.Since the initial application was submitted, a wealth of new information has become available on new sites in the Telfs Basin, which must be critically examined and incorporated into the intended settlement archaeological study. For the comprehensive archaeological evaluation, including the additional information from the natural-scientific contributions, an 18-month extension of the position of the main archaeological researcher is being applied for. During this time, the production of a complete, print-ready manuscript is realistic, thereby ensuring that the unique archaeological features of Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg will be presented to the scientific community in the form of a comprehensive publication.