Issues with Europe - A Network Analysis of theGerman-speaking Alpine Conservation Movement (1975-2005)

该项目旨在通过分析欧洲运输政策来研究欧洲政治中复杂的谈判过程。欧盟政治通常是在一个复杂而不和谐的领域中演变的，涉及区域、国家和国际层面的行动者。该研究考察了20世纪70年代至21世纪初欧洲阿尔卑斯山交通政策的争议，并将奥地利和瑞士作为比较重点。它的目的是评估环境运动在多大程度上影响了欧洲国家和超国家层面的政策决定。该分析基于网络分析，重点关注政治和社会行动者之间复杂的相互作用，特别是围绕德语高山保护运动（Alpenschutzbewegung）。奥地利和瑞士的案例研究包括欧盟成员国（奥地利）和非欧盟成员国（瑞士）。该项目将由因斯布鲁克大学（领导学院）、慕尼黑路德维希·马克西米利安大学和巴塞尔大学联合开展。它被分成三个子项目。子项目A （Helmuth Trischler，慕尼黑）分析了在欧洲一级，特别是欧洲联盟和欧洲委员会如何处理运输政策和高山保护之间的冲突。它考察了生态和自然保护概念的形成及其在超国家机构（如欧盟），国际非政府组织（联合国，世界自然保护联盟）和民族国家之间的流通。一个关键的兴趣点是阿尔卑斯公约，这是八个阿尔卑斯国家和欧盟之间的条约，旨在促进阿尔卑斯山的可持续发展。该公约还将被用作一个概念视角，以更好地理解技术科学专家在高山保护方面的作用，作为政治、经济、环境、社会技术和社会因素的谈判空间。次级项目B和C的重点是区域和国家当局以及高山保护运动的区域和跨国网络。在地理上，子项目B （Patrick Kupper，因斯布鲁克）处理奥地利的情况，并在1995年奥地利加入欧盟的背景下解决了跨越布伦纳山口的高山运输争端。子项目C （Martin Lengwiler，巴塞尔）侧重于瑞士和关于圣哥达山口高山运输的辩论，特别是在所谓的阿尔卑斯倡议的背景下，该倡议于1994年实施了限制性的运输政策框架，并对瑞士与欧盟的关系产生了持久的影响。这三个案例研究为撰写环境运动的跨国历史提供了可能性，并为欧洲化开辟了新的视角。在方法上，该项目的一致性依赖于基于最先进的数字研究工具Gephi的公共网络分析，Gephi是一种用于社会网络分析和可视化的成熟软件。

This project seeks to examine the complex negotiation processes in European politics by analysing European transport policy. European Union politics usually evolve in a complex, discordant field with actors at the regional, national and international levels. The study examines the disputes over European alpine transit policy between the 1970s and 2000s, with a comparative focus on Austria and Switzerland. It aims to assess to what extent environmental movements had an impact on European policy decisions at the national and supranational levels. The analysis is based on a network analysis focusing on the complex interplay between political and social actors, in particular around the German-speaking alpine conservation movement (Alpenschutzbewegung). The case studies of Austria and Switzerland include a member state of the European Union (Austria) and a non-member (Switzerland). The project will be carried out jointly by the University of Innsbruck (leading house), the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the University of Basel. It is broken down into three subprojects. Subproject A (Helmuth Trischler, Munich) analyses how conflicts between transport policies and alpine conservation were dealt with on the European level, in particular by the European Union and the Council of Europe. It examines the formation of concepts of ecology and nature preservation and their circulation between supranational institutions (like the EU), international NGOs (UN, IUCN) and nation states. A key point of interest is the Alpine Convention, a treaty between the eight alpine nations and the EU for the sustainable development of the Alps. The convention will also be used as a conceptual lense to better understand the role of techno-scientific experts in alpine conservation as a negotiation space of political, economic, environmental, socio-technical, and societal factors. Subproject B and C focus on regional and national authorities as well as the regional and transnational networks of the alpine conservation movement. Geographically, Subproject B (Patrick Kupper, Innsbruck) deals with the case of Austria and addresses the disputes over alpine transit across the Brenner Pass, against the backdrop of Austria's joining the EU in 1995. Subproject C (Martin Lengwiler, Basel) focuses on Switzerland and on debates about alpine transit over the Gotthard Pass, particularly in the context of the so-called Alpen-Initiative, which in 1994 imposed a restrictive transport policy framework and had a lasting impact on Swiss-EU relations. The three case studies offer the possibility to write a transnational history of environmental movements and open a new perspective on Europeanisation. Methodologically, the coherence of the project relies on a common nework analysis, based on a state-of-the-art digital research instrument, Gephi, an established software for social network analysis and visualisation.