Development of a new type of student's manual for laboratory work in biology.

在中学和大学教授生物科学的主要困难之一是在实验室，因为生物材料和设备的可用性以及教师或教员的技能和经验严重限制了一门学科的实用性。为了消除一些困难，试图开发一个软件的个人电脑，教师可以编辑自己的版本的学生手册的实验室适合他们的个人需要和情况我们开发的软件包括一个简单的编辑器，分为小块的文本文件，和程序的统计分析，包括线性和非线性回归。教师可以选择、重新排列甚至重写文本，以在操作系统（MS-DOS，日文版）的水平上构建自己的指导手册，尽管可以借助文字处理器（如WordStar）对文本进行更精细的重组。使用该软件，我们制作了以下科目的指导手册，并在东京大学动物学研究所的生理学课程中进行了测试：1.“神经生理学的基础”; 2。肌肉收缩的生理学; 3.细胞能动性该应用程序是成功的，因为准备教学所需的时间大大缩短，对学生的教学变得更加全面。但也存在一些问题，如图、图的管理等。除了这些问题外，该软件在高中和初中的实际应用也需要进一步研究。

one of the major difficulties in teaching biological sciences at high schools and universities is in the laboratory as the practicability of a subject is severely limited by the availability of biological materials and the equipments, and by the skill and experience of teachers or instructors. To remove some of the difficulties; an attempt was made to develop a software for personal computers by which teachers can edit their own version of student's manuals for the laboratory suitable for their individual needs and circumstances The software we have developed consists of a simple editor, text files divided into small blocks, and programs for statistical analyses including linear and non-linear regressions. Teachers can choose, rearrange and even rewrite the text to construct their own instruction manuals at the level of the operating system (MS-DOS, Japanese version), though much finer reorganization of the text can be made by the aid of word processors such as the WordStar. Using this software, we produced instruction manuals for the following subjects and tested them in the physiology course at the Zoological Institute, University of Tokyo: 1. 'The basis of neurophysiology'; 2. 'Physiology of muscle contraction; 3. 'Cell motilityl. The application was successful in that the time required for the preparation of instruction was significantly shortened and the instruction became much more comprehensive to the students. However, some problems such as the management of figures and illustrations were left to be solved. In addition to these problems, application of the software to the practices in high schools and junior high schools should also be studied further.