4-port vector network analyzer

关于技术进步，可以实现在小型化设置中具有多个发射和接收信道的以增加的频率操作的紧凑的多端口系统。在大约100 GHz的频率下的一些突出示例是自动驾驶或工业过程工业中的测量系统所需的基于雷达的传感器系统。高频高精度测量技术是高频系统研究的主要课题之一。实际的研究项目涉及多端口网络分析仪的校准，重点是自校准方法，替代误差模型和校准网络的有效选择的调查。此外，还研究了基于MIMO系统（多输入多输出）和雷达传感器的材料表征和成像方法。对于多端口矢量网络分析仪校准领域的研究，所应用的测量系统具有重要意义。部分地，分析器本身及其内部架构甚至成为调查的对象。实际上，只有使用高达40 GHz的多端口网络分析仪进行测量才能验证理论研究结果。该测量系统是一个原型装置，可供研究人员在一年的时间限制。该系统现在不再可用。为了能够继续在这一领域的研究工作，并就实际的国际研究课题，以增加频率范围高达110 GHz，4端口矢量网络分析仪申请是强烈需要的。在电磁材料特性研究中，材料的相对介电常数和损耗通常与频率有关，因此材料特性的测量是必不可少的。为此，由所应用的测量系统支持的大频率带宽具有很高的兴趣，因为这使得能够研究用于材料表征的信号分析的创新方法。通过这种方式，可以研究光谱分析，这意味着使用材料的特征频率行为进行唯一识别的方法。 此外，可以有利地检查时域中的方法，因为由于高带宽，可以实现测量的高时间分辨率。此外，该设置是非常有吸引力的成像方法的研究的基础上聚焦天线，镜子或后处理算法，可以应用。因此，具有空间分辨率的材料特性的表示用于识别不均匀性、夹杂物或热蚀变变得可能。此外，基于不同偏振的透射和反射测量的椭圆偏振法可以并行研究。

With respect to technological progress, compact multi-port systems operating at increasing frequencies with multiple transmit and receive channels in a miniaturized setup can be realized. Some prominent examples for frequencies at about 100 GHz are radar based sensor systems as needed for autonomous driving or for measurement systems in industrial process industry. High frequency high precision measurement techniques are one of the main research topics of the chair for high frequency systems. Actual research projects are concerned with the calibration of multiport network analyzers with a focus on the investigation of self-calibration methods, alternative error models and an efficient choice of networks for calibration. In addition, methods for material characterisation and for imaging purposes based on MIMO-systems (multiple input multiple output) as well as radar sensors are investigated.For research in the field of multiport vector network analyzer calibration, the measurement system as applied for, is of significant importance. Partially, the analyzer on its own with its internal architecture even becomes an object of investigation. Actually, it was only possible to verify the theoretical research results by measurements with a multiport network analyzer up to 40 GHz. This measurement system was a prototype setup, which was made available for the researcher restricted in time for one year. The system is no longer available now. In order to be able to continue research work in this field and with respect to actual international research topics to increase the frequency range up to 110 GHz, the 4-port vector network analyzer as applied for is strongly needed. For research in the field of electromagnetic material characterization the measurement of the material properties is essentiell, because the relative permittivity as well as the loss of the material are generally frequency dependent. For this purpose, a large frequency bandwidth as being supported by the measurement system applied for, is of high interest, because this enables the investigation of innovative methods for signal analysis for material characterization. In this way spectroscopic analysis can be studied, this means methods that use the characteristic frequency behaviour of the material for unique identification. Furthermore, methods in time domain can be examined advantageously, because due to the high bandwidth a high resolution in time can be achieved for the measurements. In addition, the setup is very attractive for the investigation of imaging methods based on focussing antennas, mirrors or post-processing algorithms which can be applied. Thus, the representation of the material characteristics with a spatial resolution for the identification of inhomogenities, inclusions or thermal alteration becomes possible. Further on, ellipsometric methods, based on transmission and reflection measurements with different polarisations can be investigated in parallel.