“Heaven as Temple”: Astronomical-Cosmological Motifs in the Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice

库姆兰的《安息日祭歌十三首》写于希腊化时期，被零星地保存下来，讲述了天堂世界中对天使的崇拜——天使们被召唤来赞美上帝，或者诗歌描述了对天堂的赞美。自1960年文本首次出版以来，研究人员一直试图找到对这一传统的有意义的解释。主要是“与天使的礼仪共融”这一概念——以不同的重点——成为他们解释的决定性因素。这些经文的背诵是为了取代在耶路撒冷圣殿中消失的崇拜，通过想象中的人们在天上的服务中参与祈祷。由于这种研究方法的重要性，其他的想法——特别是将这些歌曲与宇宙概念结合起来的尝试——到目前为止仍然处于兴趣的边缘。然而，这些歌曲与天使的礼仪共融的主题必须受到质疑，因为这个想法并没有在文本本身得到证实；相反，他们强调祷告的人和天上的敬拜者之间的区别。因此，对这些歌曲的合理解释仍然是研究的迫切需要。因此，这个项目的目的是制定一个新的解释歌曲的安息日牺牲。一种新方法的出发点是安息日献祭之歌包含天文学-宇宙学主题的论点。在这种情况下，这些经文中提到的寺庙被解释为天堂，光的现象被解释为星星。鉴于诸如诗篇19或148这样的诗篇将对上帝的赞美与占星术-宇宙学思想结合在一起，这种解释被赋予了一个似是而非的框架。为了使这种方法具体化，天文学-宇宙学的主题不能被孤立地看待——就像迄今为止的研究那样——而应该在它们的“传统”和作品的内在话语中被语境化。因此，在第一步中，文本的天文学-宇宙学主题将被收集并置于圣经和早期犹太圣经外文学及其参考文本的更广泛背景中。项目的第二部分将集中于在安息日献祭之歌的整体背景下定位主题，并与其他中心主题（如“圣殿崇拜和牺牲”，“天使学”以及“礼拜仪式和赞美诗”）相关联。在这种背景下，歌曲的“世界观”及其在旧约文学和圣经之外的早期犹太传统框架内的身份话语将被重新讨论和确定。这项研究的结果将以对歌曲的粗略评论的形式以及在一个广泛的介绍章节中提出。计划以英文出版最重要的研究成果。

The 13 Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice from Qumran, written in the Hellenistic period and fragmentarily preserved, deal with the worship of angels in the heavenly world – be it that the angelic beings are summoned to praise God or that the Songs describe the heavenly praise. Since the texts were first published in 1960, research has been trying to find a meaningful interpretation of this tradition. It was primarily the idea of a “liturgical communion with angels” that – with different emphasis – became decisive for their interpretation. The reciting of these texts was to replace the missing cult in the Temple in Jerusalem by means of the imaginary participation of the persons at prayer in a heavenly service. Because of the importance of this research approach, other ideas – in particular the attempt to combine the songs with cosmological conceptions – have or the most part remained on the margins of interest to date. However, the motif of a liturgical communion with angels for these songs has to be questioned, since this idea is not attested in the texts itself; rather, they emphasize the difference between the persons at prayer and the heavenly worshippers. Thus, a plausible interpretation of the songs is still a desideratum of research. Accordingly, this project aims at working out a new interpretation of the Songs of Sabbath sacrifice. The starting point for a new approach is the thesis that the Songs of Sabbath sacrifice contain astronomical-cosmological motifs. In this context, the temple mentioned in these texts is to be interpreted as heaven and the light phenomena as stars. In view of the fact that psalms such as Ps 19 or Ps 148 combine the praise of God with astrological-cosmological ideas, such an interpretation is given a plausible framework. In order to concretize such an approach, the astronomical-cosmological motifs must not be viewed in isolation - as has been the case in research to date – but should be contextualized in their “Traditionsgeschichte” as well as in the work’s immanent discourse. Therefore, in a first step, the astronomical-cosmological motifs of the texts will be collected and placed in the broader context of biblical and early Jewish extra-biblical literature and its reference texts. The second part of the project will then focus on positioning the motifs in the overall context of the Songs of Sabbath sacrifice and in relation to other central motifs such as “temple worship and sacrifice”, “angelology” as well as “liturgy and hymn”. Against this background, the "world view" of the songs and their identity discourse within the framework of the literature of the Old Testament and the extra-biblical early Jewish traditions are to be discussed and determined anew. The results of this research will be presented in the form of a cursory commentary on the Songs as well as in an extensive introductory chapter. An English-language publication of the most important research results is planned.