The History of the Formation of Basic Technologies and Automation Systems after World War 2 in Japan

我们考察了第二次世界大战后机械工程工业自动化发展中“基础技术”的形成过程。我们讨论了“基本技术”的概念，特别是试图将技术史上讨论过的“机械要素”的概念联系起来。我们调查了日本汽车工业引进自动车的过程。在尼桑的情况下，经验是可用的，他们有专门的机器或专门的机器生产线，从战前时期从美国引进的汽车生产。专业机器生产线上的操作或工程，或生产线上使用的控制仪器元件，已成为公司的基础技术积累。我们研究了由纯机械元件替换为计算机控制元件的机械系统的变化。我们特别集中讨论了机床工业的变化。我们讨论了管理技术对日本生产系统的影响。

We investigated the process of formation of "basic technologies" in the development of the automation in mechanical engineering industries in the period after World War 2.1.We discussed a concept of "basic technology" and especially tried to correlate the concept of "elements of machinery" which have been discussed in the history of technology.2.We investigated the process of introduction of transfer-machines in the car industry in Japan. In the case of Nissan, the experiences were available which they had in the car productions by the specialized machines or lines of specialized machines which were introduced from USA in the pre-war period. The handling or engineering in the lines of specialized machines, or the elements of control instruments untilized in the production lines had been accumulated as basic technologies in the company.3.We investigated changes of systems of machinery which proceeded by the replacement of pure mechanical elements to the computer-controlled elements. We especially focused our discussions to the changes in the industry of machine tools.4.We discussed the effects of management technologies to the production systems in Japan.