The Formation of Immigrant Society and Welfare State Finance

本研究的目的是考虑移民社会对发达福利国家和发展中国家自由化政策的影响。在英国和美国等发达国家，移民社会的形成往往会通过地方自治的渠道打破福利国家的共识。因为受益人和纳税人之间的种族差异在社会部门出现了。即社会服务的税收负担主要由白人中产阶级承担，而其利益往往集中在贫穷的移民身上。另一方面，在南亚国家和菲律宾等发展中国家，移民汇款的流入为维持结构调整政策作出了贡献。因为它弥补了发展中国家贸易和外汇制度自由化所产生的贸易逆差。就中国而言，华人的投资促进了经济的高速增长。因此，移民社会的形成维持了发达国家和发展中国家的自由化政策。当然，这并不总是意味着该政策解决了发达福利国家的种族问题和发展中国家的贫困问题。

The purpose of this study is to consider the impact of immigrant societies on liberalization policy in both the advanced welfare states and the developing countries. In the advanced countries like Britain and U.S.A., the formation of immigrant societies are apt to break down a consensus of the welfare state through a channel of local self-government. Because the racial difference between beneficiary and taxpayr are coming up in the social sector. Namely, the tax burden of social services is put mainly on the white middle-class, while its benefit tends to be concentrated to the poor immigrants.On the other hand, in the developing countries like South Asian countries and Philippine, the inflow of remittance from immigrants has contributed to maintain the Structural Adjustment Policy. Because it has made up the trade deficit which has been produced by liberalizing trade and foreign exchange regime in the developing countries. And in the case of China, investment by the Ethnic Chinese has encouraged the high ecomonic growth.Thus, the formation of immigrant societies sustains the liberalization policy in both advanced and developing countries. Of course, it does not always mean that the policy resolves the racial problems in the advanced welfare states and the poverty problems in the developing countries.