A STUDY ON STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS AND STRESS COPING METHODS AMONG ADOLESCENTS

主题和方法：研究对象为455名（男228名，女227名）公立初中学生（学生组）和50名（男12名，女38名）在山形大学医院诊断为神经症的初中生门诊患者（患者组）。他们被要求在45分钟内填写一份心理健康问卷。问卷包括症状评定测验（SRT）（Kellner）、生活事件检查表（Kanbayashi）、压力应对问卷（Morioka）和父母关系量表（PBI）（帕克）。结果：患者组SRT总分均值显著高于学生组，患者组SRT总分均值显著高于学生组（P <0.01），患者组SRT总分显著高于学生组（P <0.01）。患者组的高压力生活事件平均数显著高于学生组。在压力应对方式上，两组无显著差异。患者组的过度保护得分略高于学生组，学生组的SRT总分与应激性生活事件数相关，生活事件的经历对SRT评分和应激模式无显著影响。第一次调查时的应对方式并不影响SRT评分的变化，根据我们的结果，可以说被试的心理健康状况恶化、压力性生活事件的经历和压力应对行为模式的变化几乎是平行发生的。生活事件、父母态度、压力应对行为模式、婴儿期环境因素和遗传因素等多种因素交织在一起，是导致青少年精神病理的重要因素。

Subjects and methods : The subjects were 455 (male 228, female 227) students (student's group) in a public junior high school and 50 and (male 12, female 38) out-patients(patient's group) who went to junior high school whose illness were diagnosed as neurosis in Yamagata University Hospital. They were requested to fill out a mental health questionnaire in 45 minutes. The questionnaire consisted of symptom rating test (SRT) (Kellner), check list of life events (Kanbayashi), stress-coping questionnaire (Morioka) and parental bonding instrument (PBI) (Parker)., Among the 455 students, 222 students (follow up group) who was in the 1st or 2nd grade were requested to respond to same questionnaire a year after the first survey.Results : The mean total SRT score in the patient's group was significantly higher than that in the student's group. The mean number of highly stressful life events in the patient's group was significantly bigger than that in the student's group. As for stress-coping methods, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The mean overprotection score in the patient's group was slightly higher than that in the student's group.In the student's group, total SRT score was correlated with number of stressuful life events, all sub-scales of stress-coping questionnaire and all scores of PBI.Results of follow-up data suggested that experience of life events did not affect SRT score and the pattern of stress-coping methods at the time of the first survey did not affect change of SRT score.According to our results, it may well be said that aggravation of mental health in the subjects, experience of stressful life events and change of pattern of stress-coping behavior occurred almost in parallel. Various factors including life events, parental attitude, pattern of stress-coping behavior, environmental factors in infancy and hereditary factors seemed to be woven together to cause psychopathology among adolescents.