Formation of Psychological Base in Group Day-Nursery

本研究的目的是：1)调查三岁以下新生婴儿的托儿所现状，分析照顾者对依恋理论(亲子关系)和日间托儿所社会角色的看法；2)研究三名一岁婴儿分别采取不同的照顾方式和制度的托儿所的适应过程。从第一年的观察来看，1)考虑到是否确定照顾者和是否确定照顾者角色这两个因素，关于新生婴儿的照顾有12种不同的系统，2)关于如何照顾新生婴儿的计划比我们想象的要好(88.3%的托儿所采取了糟糕的计划)。3)关于亲子关系的看法，目前的日本照顾者似乎有满足婴儿与父母沟通的需要的理论，而不是流行的鲍尔比依恋理论。4)对托儿所的社会角色有建设性的思考方式，通过第二年对新生儿到托儿所适应过程的观察，发现新生儿对托儿所的适应过程不同，托儿所的照顾计划也不同。把同一个照顾者和她的角色交给新生儿的计划被认为比其他人更好。2)婴幼儿“心理基础”的形成过程可以看作是婴幼儿脑海中逐渐形成关于日托人/物方案的框架的过程。

This project aimed at 1)surveying the current nursery system of taking cares of new infants under three years of age, and analyzing care-takers' views about the attachment theories (parent-infants relationship) and about the social roles of the day-nursery, and 2)studying the adaptive processes of three one-year-old infants to their day-nurseries which took different ways and systems of taking cares of new infants respectively.Results were as follows;From the first-year servey, 1)twelve different systems were found about the taking cares of new infants, considering the two factors of whether or not settling the care-takers in charge, and whether or not settling the roles of care-takers, 2)plans about how to taking cares of new infants were rather taken than we thought (88.3 % of nurseries took suck kinds of plans.), 3)about the views of parent-infant relationship, current Japanese care-takers seemed to have "the theory of satisfying the needs of infants to communicate with their parents", rather than having the prevailed bowlby's theory of attachment, 4)they had constructive ways of thinking about the social roles of the day-nursery.From the second-year observation about the adaptive precesses of new infants to their daynurseries, 1)different adaptive processes of new infants were found to their day-nurseries which had different plans of taking cares of them. Plans of settling same care-taker and her roles to the new infant were thought better than others. 2)From above-mentioned, the process of infants' formation of "psychological bases" might be thought as the one of their making the framework gradually about the person/object scheme of the day-nursery within their minds.