A fundamental study on the new technique for production of Al-tolerant plants.

本研究的目的是阐明铝毒性和铝耐受性的机制，为耐铝植物的生产提供基础资料。结果总结如下：1。(1)不同植物对铝的吸收和转运特性不同，且与不同植物对铝的耐受性差异无关。铝在根尖、根外部分和细胞壁中大量沉积。(2)铝通过代谢抑制剂或在厌氧条件下大量扩散到根细胞。根质膜代谢维持抗铝能力是根耐铝的主要策略。(3)根系的pH上升能力和植物对低营养物质的耐受性不是铝耐受性的原因。(4)铝离子种类的植物毒性顺序为：羟基铝聚合物离子>单体铝离子> AlSCr^+ _2 .2。根系原生质体耐铝性与质膜表面负性的关系。(1)切片根细胞质膜被碱性染料高度染色，即；亚甲基蓝，在铝敏感的植物物种中（用多用途图形分析仪测量）。(2)耐铝植物根系原生质体亚甲基蓝染色性低，zeta电位高。(3)铝和各种碱性染料聚集原生质体，破坏质膜。(4)根由具有一定铝耐受性的原生质体组成。耐铝植物的根是由大量耐铝原生质体组成的。耐铝原生质体的分离与培养(1)利用耐铝原生质体质膜的负性可以开发出从原生质体种群中分离耐铝原生质体的新技术。对番茄原生质体的培养条件进行了认证。

The objectives of the present study are to clarify the mechanisms of Al-toxicity and Al tolerance and to offer fundamental information for the production of Al-tolerant plants. Results are summarized as follows.1. Mechanisms of Al toxicity and Al tolerance(1)Characteristics of Al uptake and translocation differ among plant species, and do not correlate with the differential Al tolerance among plant species.Al is highly deposited in the tip and the outer portions of roots, and in the cell wall. (2)Al considerably diffuses into root cells by metabolic inhibitors or in anaerobic conditions. Metabolically maintained Al excluding power of root plasmalemma is main strategy for Al tolerance.(3)pH ascending power of roots or the tolerances of the low nutrients in plants are not the cause of Al tolerance. (4)Phytotoxicity of Al ion species is in the order of hydroxy-Al polymer ions > monomeric Al ions > AlSCr^+_.2. Relationship between Al tolerance and the surface negativity of plasmalemma of root protoplasts.(1)Plasmalemma of root cells in the section is stained highly with basic dyes,i.e., methylene blue, in Al-sensitive plant species (measuring with multi-purpose graphic analyzer). (2)Methylene blue stainability of root protoplasts is low and zeta potential of them is high in Al-tolerant plant species. (3)Al and various basic dyes aggregate protoplasts and destroy the plasmalemma. (4)Root is composed of protoplasts of a range of Al tolerances. Root of Al-toleraht plant is composed of a large number of Al-tolerant protoplasts.3. Separation and culturing of Al-tolerant protoplasts(1)New technique for the separation of Al-tolerant protoplasts from original protplast population may be able to be developed by utilizing the plasmalemma negativity of Al-tolerant protoplasts. Conditions for culturing of tomato protoplasts are certified.