STUDY OF ACT ON PRIVATIZATION OF STATE ENTERPRISES IN POLAND

通过这项研究得出的结论如下：1)1981年实行的工人自我管理制度对波兰国有企业私有化的概念和程序产生了影响。2)私有化有两种途径：经济途径和社会政治途径。在1990年《国有企业民营法》的制定过程中，针对第一部《民营化法案》的政府法案，提出了重视后者的反法案。3)在《民营法》的实施过程中，舆论对民营化的怀疑态度日益浓厚。呼吁形成新的民营化理念，动员社会力量。大规模私有化计划(PPP)就是这样一个概念。4)但私有化法律框架的重新安排在很大程度上是因为围绕PPP的各种政治权力之间的矛盾和再私有化问题。私有化是1990年总统选举以及1991年和1993.5年度议会选举中的重要问题之一)由于很难忽视工会在执行社会经济政策方面的权力，苏楚卡政府寻求与工会就私有化问题达成协议。1993年签署的关于国有企业的条约包括加快私有化进程的条款，给予工人特权。6)1993年议会选举后，所谓的两个“后共产主义”政党建立了联合政府。新政府的政策有两个方面：延续和改变前政府的政策。特别是民主左翼联盟(SLD)的自由派代表了经济政策的第一方。总而言之，私有化进程和政治民主化之间的关系在波兰比在俄罗斯更明显。

The findings through this study are as follows.1) The workers selfmanagement system introduced in 1981 has an influence on the concept as well as the procedure of privatization of state enterprises in Poland.2) There are two approaches to privatization : economic and socio-political. In the process of enactment of Act on privatization of state enterprises in 1990 the counterbill which attached importance on the latter approach was proposed against the governmental bill stanting on the first one.3) In the course of enforcement of Act on privatization the skeptical attitude toward privatization in the public opinion got larger. That urged to make up the new privatization concept to mobilize the society. The mass privatization program (PPP) appeared as such a concept.4) But the rearrangement of the legal framework of privatization delayd very much because of contradictions among the various political powers around the PPP and the reprivatization issue. Privatization appeared one of the important issues in the presidental election in 1990 and the parliamentary elections in 1991 and 1993.5) The Suchocka government pursued the agreement with the trade unions on privatization issue because it was difficult to ignore the power of the unions in implementation of the socio-economic policy. The Pact on state enterprises signed in 1993 includes the provisions to speed up the privatization process giving privileges to workers.6) After the parliamentary election in 1993 the so-called two "post-communist" parties established the coalition government. The policies of the new government has the two sides : continuation and change of the policies of the former government. Especially the liberal wing of Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) represents the first side in the economic policy.7) Summing up, the relationship between the privatization process and the political democratization can be seen clearer in Poland than, for example, in Russia.