STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES AND UTILIZATION OF FISH SCALES

上岸时，渔港里堆放着大量容易剥落的沙丁鱼鳞片。这些鳞片用水轻轻清洗，干燥并储存。它们的用途仅限于饲料和化肥。近年来，胶原蛋白作为一种生物聚合物得到了广泛的研究和应用。鱼鳞被认为是这些胶原蛋白材料中重要的一种。由于鱼鳞被用来评价鱼龄，因此对鱼鳞的研究几乎完全是从形态的角度，即鱼鳞的形态和生长，因此鲜有关于鱼鳞成分的研究报道。本研究对沙丁鱼鳞片的一般性质、鱼鳞蛋白的特性及其有效利用进行了研究。(1)沙丁鱼鳞片中蛋白质和总灰分的干物质含量分别为23.6%和68.3%。将鱼鳞浸泡在稀的盐酸…溶液中，可完全除去鱼鳞中的钙盐。更多的只是针对短时间的。因此，人们认为沙丁鱼鱼鳞中含有的钙/胶原蛋白复合体的状态可能与牛和鸡骨中的有所不同。(2)扫描电子显微镜观察表明，纯化后的鱼鳞是由相互层叠的胶原纤维组成的晶格。与牛皮不同，没有观察到纤维束的网络结构。(3)研究了从干沙丁鱼鱼鳞蛋白中提取鱼鳞明胶的量及其性质。对于鱼鳞蛋白，用碱处理3d可获得最大的明胶含量(即在60℃下提取明胶；38.9%，总明胶提取：71.6%)。另一方面，以猪胶原蛋白为例，用碱处理14天可提取最多的明胶(即在60℃下提取的明胶：29.4%，总明胶：48.3%)。(4)鱼鳞蛋白主要由I型胶原组成，可用于明胶、饲料等。因此，似乎希望通过利用胶原作为生物聚合物的特性来有效地利用鱼鳞蛋白，或者因此通过应用特征形式来使用或使用鱼鳞作为成型材料。较少

A large amount of sardine scales, which canbbe easily peeled off, are piled up in a fishing port at landing. These scales are lightly washed with water, dried and stored. Their uses are restricted only to feeds and fertilizers. In recent years, collagen has been widely studied and employed as a biopolymer. It is considered that fish scales are important as one of these collagen materials. Because of having been useddfor evaluating fish age, scales have been studied almost exclusively from the viewpoints of morphology, i.e., the form and growth, Thus there have been reported few studies on the components of fish scales. In this study, the general properties of sardine scales, characteristics of fish scale protein and effective utilization of the same.(1)The contents of protein and total ash in sardine scales in terms of dry matter were respectively 23.6% and 68.3%. Calcium salt could be completely removed from fish scales by immersing the scales in a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid … More only foe a short period of time. It is therefore considered that the state of the calcium/collagen complex contained in sardine scales might largely differ from those contained in cattle and chicken bones.(2)Observation under a scanning electron microscope indicated that a purified scale consisted of collagen fibbrils laminated on each other to form a lattice. Different fromcattle skin, no network structure of fiber bundles was observed.(3)The amount of fish scale gelatin extracted from the fish scale protein prepared from dry sardine scales and its properties were studied. In the case of the fish scale protein, the maximum amount of gelatin could be extracted by treating with alkali for 3 days (i.e., gelatin extracted at 60 C ; 38.9%, total gelatin extracted : 71.6%). In the case of the pig collagen sample, on the other hand, the maximum of gelatin could be extracted by treating with an alkali for 14 days (i.e., gelatin extracted at 60 C : 29.4%, total gelatin extracted : 48.3%).(4)Fish scale protein, which mainly comprises collagen I,may be applicable to gelatin, feeds, etc. To use the fish scale protein for these purposes, however, it is required to remove calcium compounds which amount to more than 60% in terms of dry matters. Accordingly, it is seemingly desirable to effectively utilize fish scale protein by taking advantage of the characteristics of collagen as a biopolymer or to employ or to employ the scales as a molding material through the application of the characteristic form therefore. Less