The Chemical Analysis of Organic Compounds Remained on Jomon Pottery

有机残留物是绳纹饮食的重要指标之一。这项研究的重点是脂质。留在陶器表面的脂质很容易分解，但被吸附在陶器深处的脂质可能不受外界的影响。利用陶器模型对陶器中的脂质进行了基础研究。第一年，标准甘油三酯和脂肪酸被吸附到陶器模型上。优化了回收率和分析技术。结果表明，碳链越短，回收率越高。只有一个双键时，不饱和脂肪酸比饱和脂肪酸恢复得更好。第二年，从食用种子中提取油，吸附到陶模上，研究了其回收率和成分。使用不同浓度的脂质。以C18: 2为主要成分的核桃油，在油陶浓度较高时，回收率几乎是定量的，组分变化不大，但在油陶浓度较低时，回收率急剧下降，双键数大于2的组分大幅度减少。而以C18∶1为主要成分的山茶的回收率和含量基本保持不变。在最后一年，核桃油被吸附在陶器模型上，并埋在土壤中，以研究土壤随时间的影响。前2周恢复率急剧下降，但6周后恢复率基本保持在10%。双键多的组分下降幅度越大。类似的实验是在露天进行的。回收率随时间而逐渐下降。土壤显然会影响脂质的恢复。研究发现，在陶瓷内部深层吸附的脂质并不能完全摆脱外界的影响。从脂质分析中推断古代饮食，特别是主要成分中含有双键时，有必要注意。

The organic remains are one of the important indicators of the Jomon diet. This research focuses on lipids. The lipids left on the surface of the pottery will decompose easily, but the lipids adsorbed deep inside the pottery may be free from the out side influences. The basic studies of lipid in pottery were carried out using pottery models. The first year, standard triglycerides and fatty acids were adsorbed onto the pottery model. The recovery and the analytical techniques was optimized. It was found that shorter the carbon chain, higher the recovery rate. With one double bond, unsaturated fatty acid recovered better than saturated. The second year, the oil from the edible seeds were extracted, adsorbed onto the pottery mode, and the recovery rate and the components were studied. The lipids of different concentrations were used. The walnut oil with C18 : 2 as major component, is recovered almost quantitatively without large component changes when concentrations of the oil/pottery is high, but when concentrations of the oil/pottery is low, the recovery rate declined dramatically, with large decrease in components with more than two double bonds. On the other hand, the recovery and the component remained almost constant for camellia with C18 : 1 as major component. In the final year, walnut oil was adsorbed onto the pottery model and buried in the soil to study the effect of the soil over time. The recovery rate decreased dramatically in first 2 weeks but after 6 weeks, the rate remained almost constant at 10%. The components having more doule bond decreased more. The similar experiments were done in open air. The recovery rate decreased in time but very gradually. The soil clearly affects the recovery of the lipids. It was found that the lipids adsorbed deeply inside the pottery were not free from the out side influences. The precautions are necessary for the deductions of ancient diet from the lipid analysis especially the major components contained double bonds.