Study of the auction system for public constructions

本研究的目的是，审查事实，串通（或团子）在许多公共建设的拍卖和干预的Diet-men和/或地方长官到拍卖/中标人的确定已经受到了极大的关注，并提出了一个大问题，重新考虑在日本的公共行政体系，分析这些串通的原因，并考虑替代的拍卖管理制度，以确保更有效的拍卖公共建设。特别是，我从基础和理论的角度寻找更有效的拍卖系统，首先注意到，据说在公共建设的拍卖中，团子非常常见，而不管它们在资金数额和安排经济基础设施方面的重要性，第二，似乎很少有拍卖制度的分析，考虑到公众的特点-本研究历时两个年度，第一年的研究回顾了课题的历史，明确了日本团体问题的主要特征，并对前面的分析进行了整理，以阐明对日本团体问题特征进行理论研究的可能性;第二年的研究，在此基础上，笔者注意到了一个事实，即一个中心原因在于建设性企业之间的高度合作，并分析了以下几点：首先，我回顾了在以往的拍卖文献中是如何分析合谋-第二，通过考察日本团购的特点，分析了什么样的拍卖制度及其环境条件能有效地提高拍卖结果，发现在任何拍卖中公开信息和由政府分担成本，通过提高潜在投标人之间的竞争力来扩大投标人，将是最有效的。

This study intended, reviewing the fact that collusion (or dango) in many of the auctions for public construction and intervention by Diet-men and/or local governors into the auction/determination of the successful bidders had received a great attention and posed a big problem of reconsidering the system of public administration in Japan, to analyze causes of those collusions and also to consider alternative auction-administration system to secure a more efficiency in the auctions for public constructions. Especially, I searched more efficient auction systems from basic and theoretical point of view, noting first that dango is said to be very common in the auctions for public constructions irrespective of their importance in terms of both money amounts and significance in arranging infrastructure for the economy, and second that there seems to be little analyzes of the auction system taking account of the features in the public-construction auctions in Japan.While the study lasted two fiscal years, the first year study surveyed the history of the problem, made clear the main features in Japanese dango problems, and arranged the preceding analyzes to clarify the possibilities of theoretical studies reviewing the features of dango prblems in Japan.The second year study, based on the above, paid an attention to the fact that a central cause lies in high cooperativeness among constructive businesses, and analyzed the following : First, I surveyed how the collusion-dango problems are analyzed in the preceding auction literature. Second, reviewing the feature specific to the Japanese dango, I analyzed what kind of auction system and its surrounding conditions are effective for more efficient auction result, finding that disclosure of information in any auction and cost-sharing by the government to enlarge bidders will be most effective by increasing competitiveness among possible bidders.