A study on behaviors and institutional structure of the public sector and on its efficiency

在现实世界中，政府的工作不仅仅是为了补充所谓的市场失灵，同时也可能使经济状况恶化，即所谓的“政府失灵”。本研究的目的是澄清哪种类型的政府组织和有关机构是最合适的，以便有一个有效的政府或公共部门。本研究选取了社会选择理论、投票理论、公共选择理论和组织理论中解释政府失灵所需要的各个要素，并打算将它们结合成一个一致的理论体系，以解释现实世界中政府或公共部门的行为。这项研究自然会分析这些理论如何应用于理解政府的行为，以及它们如何影响各自经济体的行为或福利，从而形成大政府。为此，本研究做了以下分析和研究：首先，尽可能广泛地考察公共选择的论点，为了克服这些论点特殊性的弱点，获得一个适用于所分析的任何问题的框架，本研究试图通过扩展迪克西特的“交易成本政治”来发展一个模型。其次，它调查了政府和/或国会的实际政策决定，并通过与公共选择理论的论点进行比较来安排它们。第三，我调查了最近几年主要政策的决策和执行过程、对经济的影响、政策引发的问题以及对这些政策的评价。第四，在共同前提的基础上，对政策效果、各自情况下的最优政策等进行分析，形成理论认识。下面的参考文献展示了这些研究和研究的一些结果。

Governments in the real world do not work simply to complement the so-called market-failure, but also, at the same time, can worsen the situation of economies, known as the "government failure". The present study intends to clarify what kinds of the government organizations and of the related institutions are most appropriate in order to have an efficient government or a public sector. The study picks up respective elements of social choice theory, voting theory, public choice arguments, and organization theory that are required to explain the government failures, and intends to combine them into a consistent system of theories that can explain the behaviors by governments or public sector found in real worlds. The study naturally analyzes how those theories are applied to understand how governments behave and how they affect on the behaviors or the welfare of respective economies such that big governments are installed.The study, for the purpose as above, has made the following analyses and researches : first, surveying public choice arguments as wide as possible, and, in order to overcome the weakness of peculiarities of the arguments and to obtain a framework applicable to any kind of the questions analyzed, the study tried to develop a model by expanding the "transaction cost politics" by Dixit. Second, it surveyed real policy decisions by the Government and/or the Diet, and arranged them by comparing the with arguments in public choice theories. Third, I surveyed decision and enforcement processes of main policies in the latest several years, their effects on the economy, problems induced by the policies, and evaluations of those policies. Fourth, in order to develop theoretical understanding based on the common premises, the study made analyses of policy effects, optimal policies in respective situations, and so on. The References below show some of the results of these studies and researches.