A Study on the Behavior and the Institutions of the Public Sector

本研究的目的是阐明政府在决定各种政策时的行为，并分析政府机构或其结构特征是如何影响政策决定和经济绩效的。为了更深入地研究公共部门的政策决策及其对经济的影响，本研究系统而综合地运用了投票理论、社会福利函数理论和社会选择理论、公共选择理论、比较制度分析等主要应用博弈论。本研究在以下几个方面取得了进展：第一，有助于澄清各种政策论证中存在的模糊之处。这一领域的研究包括公共物品私人供给问题的提炼、动态最优税收理论、国债中性等。其次，它打算更详细地澄清通过多数投票做出一致的社会决定的条件。本研究发现了多数投票产生一致的社会决策的充分条件。第三个研究领域是运用公共选择理论分析政府行为以及政府行为的特点和问题。本研究阐明，如果我们假设政府有其自身的意图，从而是一种不同于社会中的人的直觉，那么政府决策中的大多数问题都是系统地解释的。

The purpose of the present study was in to clarify how the government behaves in its determination of all kinds of policies and also to analyze how the governmental institution or its structural feature affects both the determination of policies and the economic performances. The study intended to consider the policy determination/decision making of the public sector and its implication on the economy in more depth, by applying in a systematic and synthesized way the voting theory, the theory of social welfare function and social choice theory, the public choice theory, the comparative institutional analysis extended mainly by applying the game theory.The present study has made progress in the following points: first, it contributed to clarifying remaining ambiguities concerning a variety of policy arguments. The research in this area includes refinement of the problem of private provision of public goods, dynamic optimal tax theory, neutrality of national debt, and so on. Second, it intended to clarify in more detail the conditions under which a consistent social decision is made possible via majority voting. The present study found a sufficient condition under which majority voting yields a consistent social decision. The third area of study is in analyzing the government behavior and the features and the problems of the behavior by applying the public choice theory. The present study clarified that most of the problems in the government decision are explained systematically if we suppose that the government has its own intention and thus is an intuition different from the people in a society.