Preservation and utilization of genetic resources of domestic ruminants, based on studies of the origin and phylogeny

通过海外科学调查和目前的研究项目，我们在日本和亚洲国家收集了数千个反刍动物的DNA样本，如牛、水牛、绵羊、山羊、猪等。这些宝贵的DNA样本由目前的研究人员存档，以便提供给其他地方的研究人员。另一方面，我们对这些样本进行了分析，以了解当地群体之间的遗传变异和分化，以及几个功能基因的基因型变异。(1)对来自南亚和东南亚大陆不同地区的家猪和野猪的mtDNA单倍型进行了分析，结果表明，一些猪的mtDNA单倍型与生活在同一地区的野猪的mtDNA单倍型相同，即猪的多种起源。反刍动物功能基因的基因型变异研究(1)利用系统生物学的方法对动物季节性繁殖调控相关基因簇的表达进行了检测，发现TSH基因的表达与TSH基因的表达有关。MBH升高后，DIO2基因表达随之升高，表明MBH中TSH是光周期活动的触发因子。(2)对中国和东亚绵羊B2C高硫羊毛蛋白等位基因多态性进行了检测，并与欧洲品种进行了比较。该地区北部地方种群的等位基因组成与欧洲品种相似，但南部地方种群的等位基因频率与欧洲品种明显不同。(3)对不同地方或地方种群的Purion蛋白基因型进行了检测，发现瘙痒病敏感基因型ARQ/ARQ在东亚地方品种或地方种群中高度流行。

We have collected several thousands of DNA samples of ruminants, such as cattle, water buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, etc, in Japan and Asian countries through overseas scientific surveys and present research project Those invaluable DNA samples were data-filed by the present investigators in order to facilitate them to be supplied far researchers elsewhere. On the other hand, we analyzed those samples to get knowledge of the genetic-variability and -differentiation between local populations, and genotypic variations of several functional genes.1.Research on genetic differentiation between populations(1) Domestic pigs and wild boars from respective areas of South and Southeast Asian continent were analyzed of the r mtDNA haplotypes, The result showed that some pigs carried identical mtDNA haplotypes to those of wild boars inhabiting same area, i.e. polyphyletic origin of the pig.2.Researches on genotypic variations of ruminant functional genes(1) Expression of a cluster of genes related to regulates of seasonal breeding of animals was examined by methods of system biology, we found that the TSH. elevation in MBH increased DIO2 gene expression followed by other gene expressions, indicating TSH in MBH is a trigger for the photoperiodic activities.(2) Polymorphism in B2C high-sulfur wool protein alleles was examined in sheep from China and East Asia and compared to European breeds. The local breeds of northern part of the area showed a similar allelic compositions to European breeds, but the southern local populations were marked different from them in the allelic frequencies.(3)Purion protein genotypes were examined in a variety of local or native populations, and found the scrapie sensitive genotype ARQ/ARQ is highly prevalent in East Asian local breeds or native populations.