Vegetation history in Far East Russia since the last glacial

来自俄罗斯远东的堪察加半岛、阿穆尔河流域和萨哈林岛以及贝加尔湖附近的科托克尔湖的花粉数据揭示了这些地区自上一次冰期以来的植被历史。在MIS3(50kyrBP~30kyrBP)期间，库页岛形成了以云杉、落叶松和石松为主的泰加林。阿穆尔河流域由落叶松、云杉和灌木桦木、赤杨和草组成的稀疏林地。另一方面，在堪察加，种有草和桦树的灌木苔原和灌木属植物得到了发展。在末次冰期盛期，库页岛的淡泰加林和堪察加的灌木冻土带被识别出来。在阿穆尔河流域，北部地区有桦树、赤杨、草和艾草等稀疏落叶松，南部地区有稀疏云杉。全新世早期，以云杉和桦树为主的暗色针叶杉在库页岛定居。由落叶橡树、榆树和核桃组成的落叶阔叶林形成于距今8000年的阿穆尔河流域。同时，北海道落叶阔叶树随着冷杉的增加而增加。整个全新世，桦树和赤杨与石松的灌木林持续存在。全新世晚期，阿穆尔河流域和库页岛北部云杉增多。此外，在阿穆尔河流域，红松在距今2000年的时候开始生长。公元前3000年的落叶松林和公元前2000年的云杉林在堪察加中部发育。

Pollen data from Kamchatka Peninsula, Amur River Basin and Sakhalin Island in the Far East Russia, and Kotokel Lake near Lake Baikal revealed the vegetation history of these areas since the last glacial period. During the MIS 3 (between 50 kyrBP and 30 kyrBP), Taiga forest composed mainly of spruce, larch and stone pine was developed in Sakhalin. Sparse woodlands composed of larch and spruce with shrub birch, alder and grass in the Amur River Basin. On the other hand, in Kamchatka, shrub tundra with grass and birch and ericaceous shrubs developed. In the Last Glacial Maximum, light taiga forest with grass in Sakhalin, and shrub tundra in Kamchatka were recognized. In Amur River Basin, birch, alder, grass and mugwort with sparse larch in north area, with sparse spruce in south area. In the early Holocene, dark taiga dominated by spruce and birch established in Sakhalin. Deciduous broadleaf forests composed of deciduous oak, elm and walnut developed in the Amur River Basin in 8,000 yrBP. In the same time, deciduous broadleaf trees increased with fir in Hokkaido. Through the Holocene, shrub forest of birch and alder with stone pine sustained. In the late Holocene, spruce increased in the Amur River Basin and northern part of Sakhalin. Also, Korean pine began to increase at 2,000 yr BP in the Amur River Basin. Larch forests in 3,000 yr BP and spruce forests in 2,000 yr BP developed in the central Kamchatka.