Study on the construction of the human rights regime of international migration in EU and East Asia

我们的研究试图从人权的角度对欧盟和东亚的国际移民政治进行比较，澄清两者的差异和存在的问题。近年来，日本和韩国以及新加坡、香港和台湾涌入的外国工人和新娘数量大幅增加。然而，与欧盟国家不同的是，在这些国家，外国工人的居留期限较短，劳动法的适用有时受到限制，特别是从事家务工作和照料工作的女性工人的条件仍然较差。在某些国家，例如新加坡，外国工人既不被允许与国民结婚，也不被允许获得国籍，因此被禁止获得其居留国的公民身份。另一方面，中国工人以研修生(研修生)的名义大量进入日本，构成了东亚地区一场引人注目的移民运动，导致了CATE…的形成我们的研究在田野调查的基础上，指出了上述问题的三个主要因素：1)这些国家过于务实和“以国家利益为导向”的移民政治；2)不参与或忽视国际人权条约和工人权利；3)人权民事活动相对薄弱。在这些方面，亚洲国家应该也可以借鉴欧盟国家的移民和融合政治，如人员自由流动的政治，保障社会保护的权利和更容易获得公民身份等。然而，目前欧洲国家本身正在削弱其移民和融合的人权制度，例如在2004年欧盟扩大后限制欧盟公民的自由流动权利，并对要求长期居留的移民提出更严格的同化要求。从这个意义上说，欧盟也面临着重建自己的人权制度的问题。较少

Our studies tried to compare the international migration politics of EU and those of East Asia from the viewpoint of human rights and clarify the differences and their problems. In recent years, the number of influx of foreign workers and brides increased considerably in Japan and Korea as well as in Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. However, differing from the EU countries, in these countries the term of stay of foreign workers is short, application of labor law is sometimes limited and particularly the female workers in domestic works and care giving remain in worse conditions. And in certain countries, for example in Singapore, foreign workers are not admitted neither to marry with a national nor to acquire the nationality, and are thus forbidden to access to the citizenship of their staying country. On the other, the massive entry of Chinese workers into Japan in the name of “trainees"(kenshusei) constitute a salient migratory movement in East Asia results in the formation of a cate … More gory of temporary workers working and living in worst conditions.Our studies, based on the field work researches, pointed out the three major factors which define the problems mentioned above : 1) too pragmatic and“national interest oriented“immigration politics of these countries, 2) non participation into or negligence of international treaties on human rights and workers rights, 3) relative weakness of the civil activities for the human rights. In these points, Asian countries should and could learn from the immigration and integration politics of EU countries, such as the politics of free circulation of person, the guarantee of the rights of social protection and the easier access to the citizenship, etc. However, nowadays European countries themselves are weakening their human rights regime of immigration and integration in limiting, for example, the right of free movement of EU citizens after the enlargement of EU in 2004 and imposing more severe requirement of assimilation upon the immigrants demanding long stay. In this sense, EU is also faced with the problems concerning the reconstruction of its own human rights regime. Less