Research on Recycling and Resouae Recovery of Solid Wastes by Hydrothermal Nano-Process

资源枯竭是当今世界面临的重要问题之一。为了解决这一问题，需要从各种固体废物（如陶瓷）中高效回收资源的技术。然而，目前还没有从固体废物中回收可变资源的技术，特别是陶瓷，因为大多数陶瓷对热、机械应力等具有较高的稳定性。在本研究中，我们探讨了利用水热纳米工艺从陶瓷中高效提取硬质合金、氧化锆和磁体等有价值资源的技术。为了证明我们提出的纳米水热处理技术是解决资源回收问题的关键技术之一，我们进行了以下研究：水热机械化学纳米工艺。水热氧化纳米工艺热液矿化纳米工艺通过本研究，我们成功地从以下废物中回收了有价值的资源。采用酸性水溶液对WC-Co硬质合金刀具进行水热氧化处理，分离出WO_3粉末和Co离子水溶液。采用水热法和机械化学法，从部分稳定的氧化锆烧结废渣中回收钇烧结用氧化锆粉。用H_2O_2.4水热氧化法从废碳粉载体中回收铁和锰组成的铁素体颗粒。用HC1和草酸对废钕铁硼永磁体进行水热氧化，回收了草酸钕。采用水热氧化法可从锂二次电池废阴极中回收Co-A1复合氧化物。用水合石灰、氯化钙等矿化剂对含硼、氟、砷等各种氧阴离子的废水进行热液矿化处理，可回收天然矿物。少

Today, the resource depletion is one of the important issues of all over the world. In order to solve this issue, the higher-efficiency techniques for resource recovery from various solid wastes such as ceramics would be required. However, there are no techniques for recovering the variable resources from solid wastes, especially, ceramics, because most ceramics have relatively high stability for heat, mechanical stress and so on. In this research, we investigated on the development of the higher-efficiency techniques for valuable resource from ceramics such as cemented carbides, zirconia and magnet by the hydrothermal nano-process. To show that hydrothermal nano-process technique we proposed is one of key-technologies for solving the resource recovery issues, we investigated the following topics :1.Hydrothermal mechanochemical nano-process2.Hydrothermal oxidation nano-process3.Hydrothermal mineralization nano-processAs a result of this research, we succeeded in recovering valuable res … More ources from the following wastes :1.WO_3 powder and aqueous solution with Co ions were separated from WC-Co cemented carbide cutting tools by the hydrothermal oxidation treatment with acid aqueous solution.2.Zrconia powder for sintering with yttrium was recovered from spent partially stabilized zirconia sintered compact by the hydrothermal and mechanochemical treatment.3.Ferrite particles consisted of Fe and Mn could be recovered from spent toner carrier powder by the hydrothermal oxidation treatment with H_2O_2.4.Neodymium oxalate was recovered from spent Nd-Fe-B permanent sintered magnet by the hydrothermal oxidation treatment with HC1 and oxalic acid.5.Co-A1 composite-oxide could be recovered from spent cathode of the Li-secondary battery by the hydrothermal oxidation treatment.6.Natural minerals could be recovered from wastewaters with various oxo-anions such as boron, fluorine, arsenic, etc. by the hydrothermal mineralization treatment with mineralizer such as hydrated lime and calcium chloride. Less