Cross-linguistic influence in phonology: the case of heritage Icelandic

第一语言通常是在连续接触一种(或多种)语言的情况下获得的(S)。对于说传统语言(HL)的人来说，情况并非如此。他们的第一语言(L1)水平往往达不到母语水平，这使他们有别于单一语言者和大多数其他类型的多语者。这对语言表征和语言发展的理论层面具有重要意义。尤其是语音学和音系学领域，理论上似乎很难捕捉到。与单语者相比，HL使用者的发音常常被描述为重音，但它也不同于第二语言使用者，这就留下了几个研究空白需要在本项目中解决，例如：(I)不同语音水平的现象是否以同样的方式受到动态跨语言影响？(Ii)对于不同类型的学习者(HL、L2)，这些影响在多大程度上是相同的？为了解决这些问题，我们研究了冰岛语语音系统中不同水平的两种现象：(亚)音段水平的前吸音和说冰岛语的HL、L1和L2说话者在韵律(和：词汇)水平上的单词重音。冰岛语特别适合，因为它的历史变化相对较少，地区差异也相对较小。

First languages are typically acquired with continuous exposure to one (or more) language(s). This is not true in the same way for speakers of a heritage language (HL). Their first language (L1) attainment frequently does not reach native-like levels, which distinguishes them form monolinguals and most other types of multilinguals. This has implications for theoretical aspects of language representation and development. Especially the area of phonetics and phonology appears to be difficult to capture theoretically. The pronunciation of HL speakers is often described as accented compared to monolinguals, but it also differs from second language (L2) speakers, leaving several research gaps to be addressed in the present project, e.g.: (i) Are phenomena at different phonological levels affected in the same way by dynamic cross-linguistic influences? (ii) To which extent are these effects the same for different types of learners (HL, L2)? To address these questions, we study two selected phenomena at different levels within the phonology of Icelandic: preaspiration at the (sub)segmental level, and word stress at the prosodic (and: lexical) word level in HL, L1 and L2 speakers of Icelandic. Icelandic is particularly well suited because of comparatively few changes in its history and relative lack of regional variation.