Geopathology and Pathogenesis of Emerging Diseases

最近，由于艾滋病、病毒、细菌、原生动物和寄生虫病等新出现和再次出现的疾病的流行，人们对医学领域显著进步的看法受到了挑战。我们对新出现和再次出现的传染病的控制方法必须是广泛的。至关重要的是，在我们共同努力应对这一国际问题时，我们必须继续与有关团体进行国际讨论和互动。这种感染所造成的问题具有前所未有的复杂性。在现有控制措施被证明足够的情况下，许多传染病的发病率有望下降或分布发生变化。应对未来挑战的计划必须强调基础研究，以改进预测和预防。日本长崎大学热带医学研究所(ITM/长崎)和美国国立卫生研究院(NLAID/NIH)建立了关于新出现和再次出现的疾病的信息、研究结果、数据库、未来展望和规划的联合项目，特别是在发病机制、病因和地质病理学方面。ITM/长崎引入了热带实地工作活动，NIAID/NIH展示了实验室工作以及信息收集和获取系统。我们在本研究中描述的总体战略旨在满足每一种需求。它描述了一项加强对影响疾病紧急情况的多宿主、病原体和环境因素的基础和应用研究的计划。尽管这个项目代表了一个独特的视角，但应该从参与制定应对新出现疾病计划的外部科学界获得建议和投入。我们特别要感谢美国专家，他们与我们一起对这个问题进行了审查和评论。

The perception of remarkable advances in the fields of medicine has recently been challenged due to epidemics of emergining and reemerging diseases such as AIDS, and viral, bacterial, protozoal, and parasitic diseases. Our approach to the control of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases must be broad-based. It is essential that we continue internationally discussions and interactions with concemed groups as we work together to confront this international problem.The problem posed by such infections is one of unparalleled complexity. Many infectious diseases can be expected to decrease in incidence or change in distribution under conditions in which currently available control measures prove sufficient. A plan to prepare for such future challenges must emphasize fundamental research to improve prediction and prevention.Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan (ITM/Nagasaki) and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA (NLAID/NIH) have established joint project for the exchange of information, research results, data base, and future prospects and planning on emerging and reemerging diseases, especially on the aspects of pathogenesis, etiological factors, and geopathology. ITM/Nagasaki has introduced tropical field work activity and NIAID/NIH has shown laboratory work and information collecting and access system.Our overall strategy described in this research aims to address each of needs. It describes a plan to strengthen basic and applied research on the multiple host, pathogen, and environmental factors that influence diasease emergence.Although this project represents a unique perspective, advice and input should be obtained from the extramural scientific community involved in developing a plan for dealing with emerging diseases. In particular, we wish to thank the experts of U.S.who joined us to review and comment on this subject.