Studies on Reduction of Unregulated Air Pollutants Exhausted from Diesel Engine Vehicles

(1)在原有的配备化学发光检测器的高效液相色谱系统中引入了净化柱、Pt/Rh还原柱和带浓缩柱的开关阀。所提出的系统在简单处理后测定空气中悬浮颗粒中苯乙醇提取物中的痕量硝基芳烃（NPAHs）。(2)在金泽、富山和符拉迪沃斯托克（俄罗斯），每个季节同时采集大气颗粒物。大气中1-硝基芘（NP）、1,3-、1,6-和1,8-二硝基芘（DNPs）的浓度呈季节变化（冬季高于夏季），其中汽车是主要排放源。2-NP表现出不同的变化（夏季高于冬季），提示大气形成。揭示了6-硝基蒽、7-硝基苯[a]蒽和6-硝基苯[a]芘的大气行为。结果表明，在符拉迪沃斯托克，除了汽车之外，其他因素也很重要。(3)柴油机排放颗粒物量随着负荷的增加而增加。颗粒有机可溶性组分、多环芳烃（PAHs）、非环芳烃（NPAHs）和直接致突变性的含量也随着负荷的增加而增加。轻质油中添加羧酸二甲酯对NPAHs和PAHs分析结果均无影响。(4)柴油尾气颗粒物提取物对MCF-7细胞具有抗雌激素活性，对PC-3/AR细胞具有抗雄激素活性。我们发现这些活性部分归因于提取物中的多环芳烃。

(1)A clean-up column, a Pt/Rh reducer column and a switching valve with a concentrator column were introduced into the previous HPLC system equipped with a chemiluminescence detector. The proposed system determined trace levels of nitroarenes(NPAHs)in benzene-ethanol extracts from airborne particulates after simple treatments.(2)Airborne particulates were collected in Kanazawa, Toyama and Vladivostok(Russia), every season simultaneously. Atmospheric concentrations of 1-nitropyrene(NP), 1,3-, 1,6-and 1,8-dinitropyrenes(DNPs)showed seasonal variation(higher in winter than in summer)and automobiles were considered as the main contributor. 2-NP showed the different variation(higher in summer than in winter), suggesting the atmospheric formation. The atmospheric behaviors of 6-nitrochrysene, 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene have been revealed. The results suggested that not only automobiles but also other contributors were also important in Vladivostok.(3)Amounts of particulates exhausted from diesel-engine increased with the increase in loading. Amounts of organic-soluble fraction of particulate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), NPAHs and direct-acting mutagenicity were also increased with the increase in loading. Analytical results of both NPAHs and PAHs did not show the effect of the addition of dimethyl carboxylate to light oil.(4)The extracts from diesel exhaust particulates showed antiestrogenic activities in estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cells and antiandrogenic activities in androgen-responsive PC-3/AR cells. We found that a part of these activities were attributed to PAHs in the extracts.