Studies on the origin of apogamy and speciation of Cornopteris

本研究是关于Apogamy的起源，并获得了以下结果：1。在东京大学植物园植物园中传播的Cornopteris Christenseniana在人工环境中（FernGarden），也有可能是C.之间杂交的自然三聚氰胺类固醇衍生物。crenulatoserrulata and C. decurrent-alata。它代表了C.。克里斯蒂娜是在这样的条件下重新生产的可能性。对芳香酶变异的电泳分析和对氯铂DNA的分子生理分析显示，大多数年轻植物是由apogamy向C成熟植物传播的。克里斯蒂娜生长在或附近的花园里。通过对比和杂交，父母物种之间的杂交并没有在C.的传播中发生。花园里的克里斯蒂娜。Furthermore，结果显示了一些C植物。Christenseniana， Which Were Transplanted sas from不同的地方， Were derived by Hybridization involving C. Crenulatoserrulata，如母亲和其他人，参与C.。decurrent-alata（母亲），指C.的多种起源。christenseniana.3.对孢子发生症的观察，如C.。Christenseniana在不同的孢子遗传途径中产生了一些可降解的孢子，这些途径来自Dopp-Manton和Braithwaite apogamy系统。C. C.克里斯蒂娜被认为是一个物种复合体，以稳定孢子和两性平等生产的频率为多种多样，从一个高（约80%）到一个低（约1%）频率的范围。我们的结果支持不同突变的催眠术是独立于gametophyte generation中未减少的孢子生成和apogamy的起源（sensu stricto），并与单基因催眠术进行比较。

This study on the origin of apogamy in plants obtained the following results :1. Cornopteris christenseniana propagated in an artificial environment (Fern Garden) in the University of Tokyo Botanical Gardens, although it is considered to be a natural triploid sterile fern derived by hybridization between C. crenulatoserrulata and C. decurrenti-alata. It indicates that C. christenseniana is able to reproduce in such a condition.2. An electrophoretic analysis of allozyme variations and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNA showed that most of young plants propagated by apogamy from mature plants of C. christenseniana grown in or near the Fern Garden. By contrast, hybridization between the parental species is not involved in propagation of C. christenseniana in the Fern Garden. Furthermore, the results showed that some plants of C. christenseniana, which were transplantedサfrom various localities, were derived by hybridization involving C. crenulatoserrulata as mother and the others, involving C. decurrenti-alata as mother, indicating multiple origins of C. christenseniana.3. Observations of sporogenesis indicated that C. christenseniana produces a few viable unreduced spores in a different sporogenetic pathway from that of Dopp-Manton and Braithwaite apogamy systems.4. C. christenseniana is considered to be a species complex consisting of populations which are various in the frequencies of viable spore and gametophyte production, ranging from a high (about 80 %) to a low (about 1 %) frequency.5. Our results support the hypothesis that different mutations are involved independently in the origin of unreduced sporogenesis and apogamy in the gametophyte generation (sensu stricto), as compared with the single-gene hypothesis.