Studies on the Evolution of Epiphytes

1.在印度尼西亚、泰国、马来西亚、印度和巴布亚新几内亚进行了野外和标本室研究，以调查附生植物的进化。在日本、英国、爱尔兰和爱尔兰的会议和研讨会上宣读了关于这项研究结果的论文。在广义附生植物中发现了专性附生植物、次生半附生植物和攀缘植物3种生活型。分子系统发育分析表明，Davalliaceae和水龙骨科形成一个附生单系分支，与半附生的夹竹桃属（Oleandra）形成姐妹分支。根据研究结果，提出了一种假说，即在珙桐科及其近缘蕨类植物中，陆生生活型进化为攀缘植物，然后是次生半附生植物，最后是专性附生植物.比较形态学观察，对Davalliaceae和相关的鳞片，表明附生生活型和柄鳞片之间的密切联系。结果表明，高级物种具有精细的表皮， ...更多信息 在根状茎表面上的凹陷中的具柄的有状态，柄的鳞片。多层盾和沉没的柄的鳞片使空间有用的外部水储存，适应附生。4.本文对兰科唇乌桕属植物种子形态和萌发进行了分子系统学分析和比较研究。附生植物的种子较大，其发芽率高于相关的陆生物种。对一种特殊的水生岩生被子植物-- (2)茎尖分生组织的减少使茎消失，但保留了叶片的形成。(3)在Podostemaceae的进化过程中，由于初生芽和根尖的丧失以及下胚轴不定根的增加，使植物体平面的主轴由垂直向水平方向转变。少

1. Field and herbarium researches were undertaken in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, India, and Papua New Guinea in order to investigate the evolution of epiphytes. Papers on the results of this study were read in meetings and symposia in Japan, Great Britain, Ireland, and Austria.2. Three life forms, i.e. obligate epiphyte, secondary hemiepiphyte, and climber, were found within epiphyte sensu lato.3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were made, resulting that Davalliaceae and Polypodiaceae form an epiphytic monophyletic clade, which is sister to the hemiepiphytic Oleandra. From the results hypothesis was proposed that in Davalliaceae and related ferns, the terrestrial life form evolved to climber, then secondary hemiepiphyte and ultimately to obligate epiphyte.3. Comparative morphological observations were made for scales of Davalliaceae and related, suggesting a close linkage between the epiphytic life form and the stalked scales. It was revealed that advanced species have elaborate pel … More tate, stalked scales with stalks sunken in concavities on the rhizome surface. Multilayered shields and sunken stalks of scales make space useful for external water storage, an adaptation to epiphytism.4. A molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative studies of seed morphology and germination were carried out for Lipari's, Orchidaceae. An epiphyte has larger seeds, which show a higher germination rate than a related terrestrial species.5. Phylogenetic systematic, biogeographical, and evolutionary morphological researches were undertaken for Podostemaceae, an unusual aquatic, petrophytic angiosperm family, with the following results:(1) The shoot was transformed into crustose by a flattened and dorsiventral shoot apical meristem.(2) The shoot disappeared by reduction of the shoot apical meristem but retaining leaf formation.(3) The main axis in body plan changed from vertical to horizontal by a loss of primary shoot and root apices and a gain of adventitious root in the hypocotyl during the evolution of Podostemaceae. Less