Ideals and Realities of Sustainable Regional Development in the Post-development era : Beyond a Story of Developmentalism

在这个后发展时代，我们如何创造一个理想的可持续发展的地方社会？本项目通过比较日本两个截然不同的地区，探讨了战后发展主义的出现和过程，其多样化的影响，以及它对国家和地方的影响；一个是经历了旧大型项目的小型当地社区（静冈县佐久间镇），另一个是在全球化影响下正在经历大型再开发项目的巨型城市。在资助期间，我们在佐久间进行了密集的实地调研（12次）和一次问卷调查（700个样本）。在东京，我们完成了基于人口普查的系统分析，城市公共空间（70个站点和地点）的实地调查，西郊公路建设决策过程的深入研究，以及城市社会运动的集中访谈。主要发现如下：当前，当代发展思想的侧重点出现了几个重大变化；这就是“从边缘发展到中心发展”，“从欠发达地区发展到发达地区再开发”，以及“从集体发展到个体发展”。在全球化和新自由主义的推动下，一种新版本的发展主义正在大城市和小的地方社区中扩散在对“公共空间”的重新定义以及城市大众价值体系和生活方式的改变的支持下，试图抗议唯增长意识形态和对大型工程的追求的新型城市活动正在形成。一般来说，这些活动的目标是建立一个以可持续、宽容、规模充足和活跃为基础的社会。这些活动所采取的社会形式不仅是社会运动，而且是由更多样化的城市行动者支持的各种网络，如非政府组织/NPO、私营公司和其他非正式团体。

How can we create an ideal of sustainable local society in this post-development era? This project investigates the emergence and processes of postwar developmentalism, its diversified influences, and its national and local consequences, by comparing two contrasting areas in Japan ; one is a small local community which experienced old Megaproject (Sakuma Town, Shizuoka Prefecture), the ether is a Megacity which is now experiencing huge redevelopment projects under the impacts of globalization. During the period of funding, we conducted intensive field research (twelve times) and one questionnaire survey (700 samples) in Sakuma.. In Tokyo, we finished systematic analysis of Census-based statistics, field research on urban public spaces (70 sites and locations), intensive research on decision making process of highway construction in western suburbs, and focused interviews on urban social Movements. Major findings are as follows ;1 Contemporary ideology on development is currently showing several major changes in its focus ; that is "from development of peripheries to development of centers," "from development of the undeveloped to redevelopment of the developed," and "from collective development to individual development." A new version of developmentalism, which is boosted by globalization and neoliberalism, is dispersing both in big cities and in small local communities.2 New kinds of urban activities, which attempt to protest against only growth ideology and a quest for megaproject, are taking shape, with the support of the redefinition of "public space" and changing value system and life style among urban mass. Generally speaking, these activities aim for a society based on sustainability, tolerance, adequacy in size, and activeness. The social forms that such activities are taking are not only social movement, but also various networkings supported by more diversified urban actors, such as NGO/NPO, private companies and other informal groups.