Development of Biodegradable Biopolymer Hybrid Materials

1.新型糖基芳香族聚酯的合成及生物降解性以D-葡萄糖为原料，经1，4：3，6-二脱水-D-葡萄糖醇、糠醛为原料的1，1-二（5-甲氧羰基-2-呋喃基）乙烷和几种脂肪族二元羧酸甲酯在210-220℃下本体缩聚，合成了一系列含呋喃结构的共聚酯。以高产率获得数均分子量高达2x10^4的共聚酯。不同的酶的降解性和这些共聚酯的结构之间的相关性被发现取决于酶。在土壤中的降解试验表明，放线菌是这些含呋喃共聚酯在土壤中降解的主要菌.含蛋白质、核酸或糖的聚合物混合物的相容性和生物降解性由甲壳素接枝聚（2-甲基-2-恶唑啉）和聚乙烯醇制备了不同组成的共混物。所有这些共混物被发现是由差示扫描量热法相溶。土壤埋藏降解试验表明，共混膜比纯PVA膜更容易降解，细菌和放线菌负责的生物降解。对于PVA-聚肌氨酸共混物，少量的聚肌氨酸可提高PVA的热稳定性;对于PVA-鲑鱼睾丸DNA共混物，DNA链在PVA基体中形成双螺旋，其构象取决于PVA的含量。

1. Synthesis and Biodegradability of Novel Aromatic Polyesters Based on SugarsA series of copolyesters containing furan moieties were synthesized by polycondensation of 1, 4 : 3, 6-dianhydro-D-glucitol derived from D-glucose, 1, 1-bis (5-methoxycarbonyl-2-furyl) ethane derived from furfural, and several aliphatic dicarboxylic acid methyl esters in bulk at 210-220℃. Copolyesters with number average molecular weights up to 2x10^4 were obtained in high yields. Different correlation was found between the enzymatic degradability and the structures of these copolyesters depending on the enzymes. Degradation tests in antibiotic-treated soil disclosed that actinomycetes were mainly responsible for the biodegradation of these furan-containing copolyesters in soil.2. Miscibility and Biodegradability of Polymer Hybrids Containing Proteins, Nucleic Acids, or SugarsBlends of different compositions were prepared from chitin-graft-poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly (vinyl alcohol). All these blends were found to be miscible by differential scanning calorimetry. Soil burial degradation tests showed that the blend films were more readily degraded than a pure PVA film and that bacteria and actinomycetes are responsible for the biodegradation. For PVA-polysarcosine blends, a small amount of polysarcosine enhanced the thermal stability of PVA.For blends of PVA and DNA from salmon testes, the DNA chains formed double helices in a PVA matrix, their conformation being dependent upon the PVA content.