Hydrochemical Dynamics in the Japan Alps during Winter

在日本中部的日本阿尔卑斯山对雪进行了化学研究。过滤雪样，分别用电导率计和pH计测量电导率和pH。通过离子色谱法（DIONEX：DX-500）测定阴离子和比率。新雪离子浓度与采样点高度有一定的关系。在雪样中发现的Cl^-/Na^+和Mg^<2+>/Na^+比值与海水中的几乎相等。这一结果表明，在雪中发现的Na^+、Mg^<2+>和Cl^-来源于海水。在长野县西驹的一个森林小流域进行了溪流水的化学研究。试验流域位于温带雪气候区，面积0.29平方公里。当河川流量仅由基流组成时，流量呈现日变化，即日最小流量出现在中午，日最大流量出现在下午。潜热通量和流量的日变化具有同位相性。太阳辐射和相对湿度也与流量有很好的相关性。认为径流日变化受流域潜热通量的影响。流量的日变化在温暖的季节，特别是在春季和秋季观察。这种变化受蒸散量的影响，因为太阳辐射丰富，相对湿度下降，两个季节都没有观察到强降雨

A chemical study of the snow was conducted in the Japan Alps, central Japan. The snow samples were filtered, and conductivity and pH were measured with a conductivity meter and pH meter, respectively. Anions and rations were determined by an ion chromatography (DIONEX : DX-500). A relationship was observed between ion concentration of the new snow and the height of sampling site. The ratios of Cl^-/Na^+ and Mg^<2+>/Na^+ found in the snow samples were nearly equal to those of sea water. This result suggests that Na^+, Mg^<2+>, and Cl^-found in the snow are originated from sea waterChemical studies of the stream water in a small forested watershed were conducted at Nishi-Koma, Nagano prefecture. The experimental watershed is located under the snowy temperate climate, and has an area of 0.29 km^2. When stream discharge is composed of baseflow only, discharge shows diurnal variation ; namely, the daily minimum discharge is observed at noon, and the daily peak discharge is observed in the afternoon. Diurnal variations of latent heat flux and discharge show a same phase. Solar radiation and relative humidity have also good correlation with discharge. It is considered that the diurnal variation of discharge is affected by the latent heat flux from watershed. The diurnal variation of discharge is observed during the warm season, especially in spring and autumn. This,variation is influenced by evapotranspiration because of a rich solar radiation, relative humidity declines, and it is not observed the heavy rainfall in both seasons