Sociological Studies on the Problems of Non School-Attendance of Migrant Children

这项为期三年的研究揭示了日本流动儿童与就学有关的情况和问题。虽然在公立中小学就读的流动儿童人数约为4万人，但仅占日本义务教育年龄流动儿童的60%。虽然其中5%的人可能会去私立学校，比如民族学校或国际学校，或者回到自己的国家，但研究发现，其余的人错过了接受教育的机会。造成这种情况的可能原因如下：(1)日本的义务教育不适用于外来移民子女。他们的父母为了找工作搬到日本。由于他们的许多父母保持着一种守旧的心态，把大部分时间都花在工作上，他们不太可能关注孩子的教育。日语读写能力是影响流动儿童学业成绩的严重文化障碍。(5)日本学校教育缺乏多元文化观点，阻碍了流动儿童的学业成就。由于这些原因，一些移民父母决定把孩子送到巴西或秘鲁等少数民族学校。然而，该研究确定，在考虑到以下因素时，该决定是不合理的；学校教育质量低，学费昂贵，缺乏适应日本社会的教育，而流动儿童往往会在日本停留更长时间。据此，本研究确定了改善流动儿童教育现状的途径。(1)地方教育局和日本学校跟踪流动儿童的上学情况，并安排社会工作者鼓励流动儿童及其家庭参与学校。(2)当地教育委员会和日本学校为移民父母提供准确的信息和建议，以提高他们对子女教育的认识。(3)地方教育局设立学前班，让外来务工人员子女在日本学校入学前先学习日语。(4)地方教育委员会和日本学校从多元文化的角度修改课程，安排移民儿童保留母语的制度，并向日本儿童灌输尊重文化差异的意识。(5)地方教育委员会和日本学校加强与支持流动儿童学业成就的当地志愿团体的伙伴关系。少

The three-year study revealed the situations and the issues of migrant children in Japan relevant to their school attendance. While the number of migrant children who are enrolled in elementary and secondary public schools is approximately 40,000, it covers only 60% of the migrant children of Japanese compulsory school ages. Although 5% of them may well attend private schools, for example ethnic schools or international schools, or return to their home countries the study discovered that the rest of them miss an opportunity for education. The possible reasons for the situation are the followings;(1)Japanese compulsory education is not applied to migrant children as foreigners.(2)Their parents move in Japan in order to find a job.(3)As many of their parents keep a Dekasegi mentality and devote most of their time to their jobs, they are not likely to pay much attention to their children's education.(4)Japanese literacy is a serious cultural barrier to migrant children's academic achievem … More ent.(5)A lack of multicultural point of views in Japanese school education hinders migrant children's academic achievement.Because of these reasons, some migrant parents decide to send their children to ethnic schools such as Brazilian or Peruvian. The study determined, however, that the decision is not reasonable while taking into consideration; low education quality of the schools, expensive tuition and a lack of education for adaptation to Japanese society while migrant children tend to continue to stay longer in Japan. Accordingly the study identified the following ways to improve the situation of migrant children's education.(1)Local education boards and Japanese schools track the school attendance of migrant children and arrange social workers who encourage migrant children and their families to participate schools.(2)Local education boards and Japanese schools provide migrant parents with accurate information and advice in order to raise awareness about their children's education.(3)Local education boards set up pre-schools where migrant children obtain Japanese literacy before being enrolled in Japanese schools.(4)Local education boards and Japanese schools revise their curriculum from a multicultural point of views, arrange the system for migrant children to keep their mother languages and inculcate a sense of respect for cultural difference to Japanese children.(5)Local education boards and Japanese schools enhance partnership with local volunteer groups which support migrant children's academic achievement. Less