Studying Japanese moral consciousness by the method of critical comparison of ideas -Taking Watsuji's ethics as a model example of it-

和地的伦理思想为我们研究日本人的道德意识提供了有益的指导。与海德格尔批判接受的哲学相比较，我们试图确定他的伦理学的特殊性和普遍性，他的伦理学虽然保持了日本的伦理传统，但并不封闭于日本的特殊性。通过这种解释学方法，和地可以展示新的人的概念，即取代个人主义的“爱达格拉”，以及新的气候和文化的概念，即“福道”，以批判西方哲学的前提。它呈现出日本的特殊性，接受直接的事物，而不是将它们结构化。同时，和地的伦理思想和气候文化理论克服了日本的特殊性，具有普遍性。但正是在这种模棱两可的情况下，我们发现最大的困难在于对和地的伦理学及其气候和文化理论的评价，以及对日本道德意识的研究。

Watsuji's ethics gives us a helpful lead in studying Japanese moral consciousness. In comparison with Heidegger's philosophy, which Watsuji receives critically, we try to ascertain the particularity and the universality of his ethics, which is not shut in Japanese particularity even though it keeps up a ethical tradition of Japan.Watsuji opens up a new vista of ethics by rearranging Heidegger's hermeneutics from an original viewpoint. By this hermeneutical method Watsuji can show the new concept of human being, i.e., "aidagara", which takes the place of the individualistic one, and the new concept of climate and culture, i.e., "fudo", criticizing the premises of the Western philosophy.Watsuji's ethics rooted in special Japanese sensitivity is somewhat ambiguous. It takes on the Japanese particularity in receiving direct things as they are, without structurizing them. At the same time Watsuji's ethics and his theory of climate and culture overcome Japanese particularity and lead to the universality. But it is in this ambiguity that we find the greatest difficulty in evaluating Watsuji's ethics and his theory of climate and culture and in studying Japanese moral consciousness.