A Methodological Study on the Equivalence of Translation and the Differential Item Functioning for Crossnational Comparative Surveys

1.在这项研究中，我们检查了。测验理论很好地运用了项目反应理论，对跨国比较调查中某些测量量表项目中DIF（Differential Item Functioning）的适用性进行了探讨。我们还研究了每种DIF检测方法如何显示不同的结果。跨国比较中的项目对等包括“翻译对等”和“意义对等”。然而，DIF分析关注的是后者。在各种DIF分析方法中，我们选择以下四种。两种参数方法(1；BILOG-MG的DIF命令；Thissen的似然比检验)和两种非参数方法(3。M-H统计，4。逻辑回归)。4。我们将这些方法应用于以下数据。1.来自日美法律学生调查的法律形象量表。2.日本-美国-中国法律意识调查中对各种政府机构的信心水平量表。3.F-Scale来自22个国家/地区的调查。更多关于法律和商业学生的合同意识调查。1.即使是在天平的情况下。因子分析具有较高的单维性，并证实了翻译的等价性，我们发现一些项目存在DIF。2.在样本数量相当大的情况下，任何统计显著性检验都可能有显著的结果，我们需要非常注意项目中使用的术语可能有不同的含义。例如，“公平”在对政府的信心规模。3.我们还发现使用多种DIF检测方法来检测DIF项目是有用的。我们在随后的学术会议上发表了我们的研究结果。1.日本法律与心理学会第五届年会（2004年10月16日）2.日本法律与心理学会第六届年会（2005年10月15日- 16日）3.2006年3月5日至11日在不列颠哥伦比亚大学亚洲研究所举行的亚太争端解决项目会议。少

1.In this study, we examined the. applicability of the Item Response Theory, which the test theory has put to a good use, to the detection of DIF(Differential Item Functioning) within the items of some measurement scales in crossnational comparative surveys. Also we examined how each DIF detection method showed the different results.2.The item equivalence in crossnational comparison implies both "equivalence of translation" and "equivalence of meanings." The DIF analysis concerns the latter, though.3.Among the various DIF analysis methods, we pick the following four. Two parametric methods(1.DIF command of BILOG-MG, 2.Thissen's likelihood ratio test) and two non-parametric methods(3.M-H statistics, 4.logistic regression.)4.We applied these methods to the following data. 1.Legal Image Scale from a Japan-US law student survey. 2.The Scale for the Level of Confidence in various governmental institutions from a Japan-US-China legal consciousness survey. 3.F-Scale from a 22-country/region l … More aw and business student survey for contract consciousness.5.Results. 1.Even in the case that the scale has. higher unidimensionality in factor analysis and confirmed equivalence of translation, we found some item shows DIF. 2.In the case that the number of samples are quite large, any statistical significance testing is likely to have significant results, we need to pay much attention to the possible different meanings of the terms used in the items. For example, 'Fairness' in the confidence in government scale. 3.We also found it is useful to use multi DIF detection methods to detect DIF items.6.We presented our findings at the following academic conferences and meetings. 1.The Fifth Annual Conference of the Japanese Society for Law and Psychology(October 16.17,2004.) 2.The Sixth Annual Conference of the Japanese Society for Law and Psychology(October 15.16,2005.) 3.A meeting of the Asian-Pacific Dispute Resolution Project at the Institution of Asian Research, University of British Columbia(March 5- 11,2006.) Less