Bioactive natural compounds obtained from arthropods

1)伏利西汀[N-(17-羟基亚麻酰基)-L-谷氨酰胺]是一种昆虫产生的植物挥发物激发子。本研究首次利用斜纹夜蛾幼虫的肠道组织进行了草甘草素的体外生物合成研究。在斜纹夜蛾中，以高对映体过量测定了17-S的羟基亚麻烯基部分的绝对构型。此外，N-亚麻酰基-L-谷氨酰胺的活性仅为伏利西汀的30%左右。在合成的伏利西汀相关化合物中，只有谷氨酰胺结合物能诱导玉米幼苗挥发性化合物的释放。另一方面，我们发现被棉铃虫危害的玉米叶片的光子发射很弱。有趣的是，玉米叶片细胞和从毛虫反流中获得的化学物质之间的直接相互作用触发了光子发射。2)腐霉毒素广泛分布于新热带地区含有生物碱的无尾两栖动物中。从甲螨提取液中分离到237A、251D和8-脱氧霉菌毒素193H。在各种无尾两栖动物的提取物中发现的一些毒素和相关的同系物可能起源于阿米特。3)从螨类中获得的一些特殊物质，如反扁桃腺分泌物，被怀疑是抗原之一。我们碰巧在特应性皮炎患者的斑贴试验中发现α-Acariial呈阳性反应。在这项研究中，我们证明了刚根螨的雌虫性信息素是S-罗伯纳，类似于α-粉螨科。此外，我们建立了物种特异的ITS序列，这对散光螨种的鉴定和低水平的系统发育关系的研究是有用的。

1) Volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine] is known as an insect-produced plant volatiles elicitor. In this study, the in vitro biosynthesis of volicitin was demonstrated for the first time by using gut tissues of Spodoptera litura larvae. The absolute configuration of the hydroxylinolenoyl moiety of volicitin was determined to 17-S in high enantiomeric excess in S.litura. Furthermore, N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine was only about 30% as active as volicitin. Among synthesized volicitin-related compounds, only glutamine conjugate induced the emission of volatile compounds from corn seedlings. On the other hand, we found uktraweak phton emissions from maize leaves damaged by Heilcovera armigera. Interestingly, the direct interaction between maize leaf cells and chemicals obtained from caterpillar regurgitants triggers the phton emissions.2) Pumiliotoxins are very widely distributed in alkaloids-containing anurans from the neotropics. We demonstrated pumiliotoxin 237A, 251D and 8-deoxypumiliotoxin 193H from oribated mite extracts. It appears possible that some of the pumiliotoxins and related congeners found in extracts of various anurans have amite origin3) Some particular substances obtained from mites, such as secretions from opisthonothal glands are suspected as one of antigens. We happened to find α-acaridial showed a positive reaction in patch tests for atopic dermatitis patients. In this study, we demonstrated that the female sex pheromone of Rhizoglyphus setosus (Astigmata : Acaridae) was identified as S-robinal, which is analogous to α-acaridial. Furthermore, we established the species-specific ITS sequence useful for the species identification of astigmatid mites and for studying low-level phylogenetic relationships.