Stadtwerdung und Entwicklung Ulms im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter. Auswertung der Großgrabung Neue Straße 2001-2004 und von Altgrabungen (Münsterplatz, Schellergasse, Vestgasse u.a.)

自中世纪以来，乌尔姆属于德国南部最重要的城镇：9世纪左右的一个宫殿般的城镇，11世纪下半叶起斯瓦比亚公爵的主要城镇，12世纪和13世纪斯陶芬家族的主要住所，乌尔姆发展成为神圣罗马帝国最强大的帝国城市之一。目前的考古评估甚至指出，该遗址更早开始发挥中心作用，并表明其起源于梅罗文时代。巴登-符腾堡州文化遗产办公室在过去30年里一直在乌尔姆进行重大发掘，公布了大量考古数据。2001年至2004年的大规模发掘Neue Straçe保持了突出的地位，因为它允许一段时间穿过整个中世纪高地。它还揭示了良好的保存和大量已证实的复杂地层序列，因此可以得出关于聚落早期发展的重要结论。这一研究项目的目的是在全市范围内评估乌尔姆的所有考古露头。对挖掘数据的有针对性的评估应该为该镇的发展提供一个复杂的模型。由于它的历史意义和出类拔萃的考古数据，乌尔姆在探索中世纪晚期一个尚未明朗的早期城市化过程中占据了关键地位。

Since the Middle Ages, Ulm belongs to the most important towns in southern Germany: a palatial town around the 9th century, the principal town of the Dukes of Swabia from the second half of the 11th century onwards, a prime domicile for the House of Staufen in the 12th and 13th century, Ulm developed into one of the mightiest Reichsstädte (imperial cities) in the Holy Roman Empire. The current archaeological assessments even point towards an earlier beginning of the functioning as a central place and suggest an origin in Merovingian times. The State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg has been conducting major excavations in Ulm for the last thirty years that have brought to light a multitude of archaeological data. The largescale excavation Neue Straße (2001 to 2004) keeps an outstanding position as it allowed a section through the whole of the high medieval town. It also revealed excellent preservation and a high number of confirmed and complex stratigraphic sequences and therefore allowed important conclusions about the early development of the settlement. The aim of this research project is to evaluate all archaeological outcrops in Ulm in a citywide framework. A targeted evaluation of the excavation data is supposed to provide a sophisticated model for the development of the town. Due to its historical significance and the exceptional archaeological data, Ulm occupies a key position in the exploration of a yet dimly illuminated early urbanization process in the High Middle Ages.