Change in Covid-19-related worries and fears, risk perceptions, and prevention behaviors over the course of the pandemic: Longitudinal prediction of prevention-related outcomes in a vulnerable sample of formerly unemployed individuals

这里提出的项目包括一个问卷研究，在失业人员和再就业人员中进行两波数据收集。重点是(1)对新冠肺炎疫情的担忧和恐惧等情绪反应的变化；(2)对感染风险的认知等态度；(3)与预防相关的行为，如社会接触行为。失业往往会导致劳动力市场的边缘地位和不稳定的就业模式。由于以前失业的人往往受教育程度低，他们的职业活动不容易转移到家里，因此需要与他人直接接触。因此，他们的感染风险应高于一般人群，因此，他们与预防有关的行为应与大流行的进程特别相关。总的来说，这一人口群体在经济和健康状况方面应特别受到这一流行病的影响。所使用的样本将从为即将完成的纵向研究而建立的现有小组中抽取。它由联邦政府在两个项目中提供资金，重点是失业和再就业的短期和长期心理后果。在本研究的十二波中，最后三波已经收集并正在收集一些与covid -19相关的方面（例如，关于失去亲人的担忧，关于社会接触行为）。此外，自2013年以来，还提供了关于心理健康的数据和关于满足重要心理需求程度的数据（每隔三至五个月收集一次）。这些变量也将在这里要求的两波项目中收集，并将作为预测因素，例如与流行病有关的担忧和恐惧、态度和与预防有关的行为。关于流行病相关变量（如遵守措施的意愿、接种疫苗的意愿）的进一步问题将包括在新的研究中。具体而言，我们将分析与大流行相关的担忧和恐惧、心理健康的变化以及需求实现的变化如何影响与预防相关的态度和行为。具体的设计使我们能够确定感染预防措施，如宵禁，恐惧上诉和公共生活限制对上述变量的影响。总的来说，拟议的项目将得出关于如何设计传染病预防干预措施和传播战略的宝贵结论，并进一步提高其有效性。

The project proposed here consists of a questionnaire study with two waves of data collection among unemployed and re-employed people. The focus will be on (1) changes in emotional reactions to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic such as COVID-19-related worries and fears, (2) attitudes such as perceived risk of infection, and (3) prevention-related behaviors such as social contact behaviors. Job loss often leads to a marginal position in the labor market and an unstable employment pattern. Due to their often low education, formerly unemployed people often have occupational activities that cannot easily be shifted to their homes and thus involve direct contact with others. Consequently, their risk of infection should be higher than in the general population, and therefore their prevention-related behavior should be particularly relevant for the course of the pandemic. Overall, this population group should be particularly affected by the pandemic with regard to their economic and health situation.The sample used will be drawn from an existing panel established for a soon-to-be-completed longitudinal study. It was funded by the DFG in two projects and focused on short-term and long-term psychological consequences of unemployment and re-employment. A few COVID-19-related aspects (e.g., on worries about losing relatives, on social contact behavior) have already been and are being collected in the last three of the twelve waves of this study. In addition, data on mental health and data on the degree of fulfillment of important psychological needs are available since 2013 (collected in intervals of three to five months). These variables will also be collected in the two waves of the project requested here and will act as predictors of e.g., pandemic-related worries and fears, attitudes, and prevention-related behaviors. Further questions on pandemic-related variables (such as willingness to adhere to measures, willingness to receive a vaccine) will be included in the new study.Specifically, we will analyze how pandemic-related worries and fears, changes in mental health, and changes in need fulfillment influence prevention-related attitudes and behaviors. The specific design enables us to also determine the effect of infection prevention measures such as curfews, fear appeals, and public life restrictions on the aforementioned variables. Overall, the proposed project will lead to valuable conclusions on how to design infection-prevention interventions and communication strategies in pandemics, further improving their effectiveness.