Coming to America: Immigration, Political Campaigning, and Polarization

近几十年来，除了围绕移民问题的分歧日益扩大外，世界，尤其是美国，经历了日益加剧的政治两极分化和不断增加的移民流动(Gennaioli&Tabellini，2019)。我们的目标是从几个方面考察移民对政治意识形态和两极分化的影响。在a)部分，我们通过考虑政治候选人的政治意识形态、竞选捐款的意识形态构成、皮尤政治信仰的微观调查数据以及电视收视率的两极分化来分析移民和难民对地方层面政治意识形态和两极分化的影响。在b)部分，我们研究了移民对1600万竞选捐赠者的政治影响。因此，我们通过理解决定个人对移民和难民流入的不同政治反应的背景和条件来推进文献。在c)部分，我们分析了与移民相关的政治广告的使用及其对两极分化的影响。由于移民已成为选举中的一个重要问题，政客们试图通过在政治竞选中利用移民来影响政治结果。了解这些运动取得成功的条件，以及对这些运动作出反应的捐赠者的类型，将有助于我们进一步理解政治运动在移民政治影响中的作用。在所有部分中，拟议的项目都利用了关于1975年至2015年期间进入美国的难民的独特的、以前未被利用的个人层面的微观数据，我们将这些数据扩展到2018年之前的县级难民数据。此外，我们开发了一种基于任意距离门槛的新身份识别策略，在该门槛内，在美国没有家庭关系的难民必须得到安置。总之，我们将研究新的问题，引入新的数据，并开发新的识别策略。

The world and the U.S. in particular, have experienced rising political polarization and increasing migration flows in recent decades, in addition to growing cleavages around the topic of immigration (Gennaioli & Tabellini, 2019). We aim to examine the impact of immigration on political ideologies and polarization along several dimensions. In Part a), we analyze the impact of immigrants and refugees on political ideologies and polarization at the local level by considering political ideologies of political candidates, the ideological composition of campaign contributions, Pew micro survey data on political beliefs, as well as polarization in TV viewership. In Part b), we examine the political impact of immigration on 16 million campaign donors. Thereby, we advance the literature by understanding the context and conditions that determine differing political responses of individuals to immigration and refugee inflows. In Part c), we analyze the use of immigration-related political advertising and their influence on polarization. As immigration has become an important wedge issue in elections, politicians have tried to influence political outcomes by instrumentalizing immigrants in political campaigns. Understanding the conditions under which these campaigns are successful, as well as the type of donor reacting to these campaigns, will further our understanding of the role of political campaigns in the political impact of immigration. Throughout all parts, the proposed project draws on unique and previously unexploited individual-level microdata on the universe of refugees that entered the United States between 1975 and 2015, which we extend with county-level refugee data up to 2018. Moreover, we develop a new identification strategy based on an arbitrary distance threshold within which refugees without family ties in the US have to be settled. Altogether, we will examine novel questions, introduce new data, and develop new identification strategies.