Migrant Health at the Borders in Times of COVID-19: Assessing Gaps, Needs and Priorities in the Implementation of Human Rights-based Health Policies and Programs in the Andean Region of Latin America.

这项研究建议的主要目的是增进对在全球南方新冠肺炎大流行期间高度脆弱者：多种类型的移民(难民、流离失所者、无证移民和其他)在保健方面基于人权的方法的实际应用的了解。区域重点放在安第斯国家哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、玻利维亚和智利的边境地区，与当地研究人员、民间社会和多边组织，即泛美卫生组织(泛美卫生组织美洲区域办事处)密切合作。拉丁美洲是全球疫情负担最重的地区之一。在安第斯地区，这与世界上最大的难民危机之一不谋而合：近年来，委内瑞拉有500多万人逃离暴力、压迫和饥饿。仅哥伦比亚一国就收容了约170万委内瑞拉人，厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、玻利维亚和智利也受到了影响。该项目的具体目标是制定一种比较办法，从政策、实践和地方影响层面分析以人权为基础的移民健康办法的执行情况，重点放在拉丁美洲安第斯地区的边界地区。边境地区是移徙动态的热点地区，因此当地行为者(市政当局、民间社会、移徙群体)在处理这种情况方面的挑战和经验特别明显，但具体研究却很少。与此同时，在泛美卫生组织等国际机构的支持下，安第斯国家之间建立了国际合作倡议。通过将政策分析与实地工作相结合的多方法方法(在选定的边界地区进行案例研究)，解决了以下关于基于人权的卫生办法的执行差距的问题：如何在区域、国家和地方各级执行现有的基于人权的政策和方案，以及这一流行病对政策和做法有何影响？在边境地区排除了哪些倡议，它们与基于人权的政策和标准有什么关系，大流行病对这些倡议有什么影响？以往在实地采取基于人权的办法的经验是否为《公约》第十九条对一般人口和移民的答复提供了信息？最后，在安第斯地区边境选定地点发生大流行期间，以人权为基础的移民保健办法在当地的经验、认识到的差距和影响。研究的主要成果将包括学术出版物(与柳叶刀移植一起)，以及地方、国家和多边机构的政策简报。

The main objective of this research proposal is to advance knowledge on practical applications of human rights-based approaches to health for highly vulnerable people during the COVID-19-pandemic in the Global South: migrants of multiple types (refugees, displaced persons, undocumented migrants, and others). The regional focus is on border areas of the Andean countries Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile, in close cooperation with local researchers, civil society and multilateral organization, namely the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO, Regional Office of the World Health Organization for the Americas).The elevated vulnerability of refugees and migrants for the health and socio-economic impact of the pandemic has been widely documented. Latin America is among the regions with the highest burden of the pandemic globally. In the Andean region, this coincides with one of the biggest refugee crises in the world: over five million people fled violence, oppression and hunger in Venezuela in recent years. Colombia alone is host to about 1.7 million people from Venezuela, yet also Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile are affected. The specific goal of the project is to develop a comparative approach for analyzing the implementation of human-rights-based approaches to migrants’ health on the level of policy, practice and local impact, with a particular focus on border zones in the Andean Region of Latin America. Border regions are hotspots of migration dynamics and thus areas where both the challenges and the experiences by local actors (municipalities, civil society, migrant groups) of dealing with this situation are particularly apparent, yet specific research is scarce. At the same time, initiatives for international cooperation among the Andean countries have been established, supported by international agencies like PAHO. By multi-method approach, that combines policy analysis with field work (case studies in selected border regions), the following question regarding the implementation-gap of human-rights-based approaches to health are addressed: How are existing human-rights-based policies and programs implemented, on regional, national and local level, and what is the impact of the pandemic on policies and practices? What initiatives are ruled out in the border regions, how do they relate to human-right based policies and standards, and what is the impact of the pandemic on these initiatives? Do previous experiences with human-rights-based approaches in the field inform the Covd-19 response, both in regard to the general population and to migrants? What are, finally, the local experiences, perceived gaps and impact of and with human-rights-based approaches to migrant health in times of the pandemic in selected sites at the borders in the Andean region. The major output of the research will consist in academic publications (with Lancet Migration), as well as policy briefs for local, national, and multilateral institutions.