Use of Ghrelin and Telomerase Activation for Diagnosis of Early-stage Gastric Cancers and Development of Treatment

由于癌细胞的侵袭增加了淋巴结的转移，因此，使用视觉或超声内窥镜对癌细胞的侵袭深度进行内窥镜诊断，以及根据内窥镜的结果推测存在淋巴结转移是决定早期胃癌治疗方法的关键因素。虽然手术内窥镜适用于大多数早期胃癌的粘膜癌(m癌)，但对于粘膜下癌(sm癌)，已经在许多情况下进行了手术切除，并且已经寻找了使用内窥镜的替代治疗方法来治疗sm癌。我们寻求一种有效的辅助诊断方法来确定治疗方案。我们对122例手术治疗的粘膜下癌患者进行了研究。我们检查了通过活检和切除病变获得满意标本的病例，以检测癌基因表达和人类端粒酶…。癌基因表达：我们用c-erb2、c-met、nm23、FTS-1、APC基因和端粒酶(k-67)的抗体进行免疫组织化学染色，以检测活检和切除标本中癌基因的表达。虽然每种抗体在活检标本和切除标本中的表达与癌细胞的表达有一定的相关性，但福尔马林包埋固定切除标本的抗原性丧失以及癌细胞的表达是否具有异质性没有显著差异。在比较sm-1和sm-2癌细胞的侵袭深度时，sm-2中c-erb2、c-met、nm23、FTS-1APC基因和端粒酶(k-67)的表达强于sm-1。人端粒酶逆转录酶：用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测人端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA，用分光光度仪测得的值与标准RNA的值进行比较，计算hTRT和mRNA的量化值。以肿瘤侵袭深度(sm-1和sm-2)为依据的淋巴结转移与下列因素无显著关系：1)ghrelin和端粒酶活性的定量差异；2)用癌基因抗体免疫酶技术比较sm-1和sm-2癌细胞的表达；3)组织病理学结构和ghrelin的表达(免疫酶技术)。因此，虽然活检和切除标本中癌细胞的表达可以作为推测早期胃癌是否存在淋巴结转移的辅助因素，但与人端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA的表达没有显著的相关性。这是一个有待进一步研究的问题。较少

Since metastasis in lymph nodes increases with invasion of carcinoma cells, endoscopic diagnosis of the depth of invasion of carcinoma cells using a visual or ultrasonic endoscope, and metastasis in lymph nodes presumed to exist based on the results of an endoscopy are critical factors for determining the method of treatment for early-stage gastric cancers. Although operative endoscopy is appropriate for most mucosal carcinomas (m-cancers) in the early stage of gastric cancer, for submucosal carcinomas (sm-cancers), surgical resection has been conducted in many cases, and alternative treatment methods using an endoscope have been sought for sm-cancers. We sought an effective auxiliary diagnosis method for determining the treatment. We studied 122 cases of patients with submucosal carcinomas who had surgical operations in our hospital. We examined the cases for which satisfactory specimens were obtained through biopsy and resection of lesion for oncogene expression and human telomerase … More reverse transcriptase.Oncogene expression:We conducted immunohistochemical staining using antibodies of c erb2 c met nm23 FTS -1 APC gene and telomerase (k-67) to examine for oncogene expression in the biopsy and resection specimens. Although there is some relevance for expression of carcinoma cells by each antibody in biopsied specimens and resected specimens, there is no significant difference in the loss of antigenecity in the resected specimen by formalin embedded fixation, and in the expression of carcinoma cells whether each carcinoma cell has heterogeneity. In the comparison of the invasion depths of carcinoma cells between sm-1 and sm-2, expression of c erb2 c met nm23 FTS -1 APC gene and telomerase (k-67) in sm-2 was stronger than that in sm-1. There was no specific tendency in histopathological classification (differentiated or undifferentiated carcinomas).Human telomerase reverse transcriptase:Human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA was measured using real-time PCR, and values measured by a spectrophotometer were compared with the value of the standard RNA to calculate the quantitative value of hTRT and mRNA. There is no significant relationship between metastasis in lymph node based on the invasion depth (sm-1 and sm-2) and these factors : 1) quantitative difference of ghrelin and telomerase activation, 2) comparison of expression of carcinoma cells in sm-1 and sm-2 by immunoenzymatic technique using oncogene antibodies for 3) histopathological texture and expression of ghrelin (by immunoenzymatic technique).Consequently, although the expression of carcinoma cells in the biopsied and resected specimens can be an auxiliary factor in speculation about the existence of lymph-node metastasis of early-stage gastric cancers, there was no significant relationship with a quantitative difference in the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA. This is an issue for future study. Less