Research on Gender Structure in Political Arena

本研究的目的是从地方政治中的性别结构和组织的角度，分析哪些因素影响妇女的政治参与，哪些因素制约妇女在政治舞台上的赋权。首先，我们以过去3次全国地方选举为基础，整理了神奈川县近10年来的女议员变化情况。接下来，我们试图采访神奈川县某些地区的13名女性政治家，询问她们是如何进行选举的，为什么会获胜或失败，她们作为地方议会成员的表现如何，以及她们产生了什么政治结果。明年将以神奈川县的市、郡、村议员为对象进行问卷调查。我们分析了829人中306人的回答，发现作为政治家，在背景、政治过程、选举、政治产品和思想上存在一些性别差异。当妇女进入政治舞台时，她们的个人因素，如年龄、家庭、工作、职业、网络等，会影响她们的选举结果。然而，政党、地方议会中的权力平衡、作为议会政治家的言论也影响着妇女的政治参与。最后我们做了研究报告，使用了访谈和问卷调查的数据。报告由三部分构成。首先，我们聚集在一起讨论“妇女与政治”的现状和问题。其次，我们进行了访谈调查和问卷调查。我们从家庭、选举、体制或结构因素、政治活动、载体等方面进行了挤压。最后，我们从民主主义和女性主义的角度重新思考女性的政治参与。

The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors influence women's political participation and what factors constrain women's empowerment in political arena, from the viewpoint of gender structure and organization in local politics. First we compiled the change of congresswomen in Kanagawa of these past approximately 10 years, mainly on the past three times of nationwide local elections. Next we tried to interviewed 13 female politicians in some area of Kanagawa prefecture and asked how they run election and why they won or lost, how they behaved as a member of local assembly, and what they produced as their political results. Next year, we carried out questionnaire survey for members of assemblies of cities, towns, and villages under Kanagawa. Analyzing 306 responses out of 829 people, we found some gender differences on backgrounds, political process, elections, political products and thoughts as politicians. When women enter political arena, their individual factors, for example, age, family, work, career, network and so on, influence their results of elections. However, political parties, power balance in the local assembly, rewords as politician of the assembly also influence women's political participation. Lastly we made research reports, using the data of both interview and questionnaire. Three parts of reports are constitution. At first, we gathered up about the present conditions and problems of "women and politics". Secondly, we reported interview investigation and questionnaire survey. We squeezed focuses such as family, election, factors of system or structure, activity of politics, and carrier. And lastly, we rethought of female political participation in the viewpoint of democracy and feminism.