Reexamination of philosophical naturalism

在重新审视自然主义哲学思想的历史遗产之后，我们对当代关于哲学自然主义的争论进行了主题化和研究。主要结果如下：(1)与主流命题相反，自然主义认识论可以解释先验知识，其基础是概念之间的隐含理解和想象联系。(2)颜色概念是没有哲学方法的物理解释的，参照现象学和维特根斯坦的观点，可以证明颜色概念具有自然主义还原所不能达到的多维性。(3)反自然主义立场是可以辩护的，因为它表明，兼而有之的自然主义或哲学怀疑论是哲学基础主义的二重奏或对合理性的强烈要求，它们都预先假定了自由、理性、理性和理性的“内在性”经验(4)在后期维特根斯坦的哲学中，我们也可以看到先验的自然主义，它将意义和规范置于人类对“自然历史”的实践中。(5)在研究“伦理”在日本思想史上的处境以及“公共哲学”在当代世界中的可能性时，我们试图澄清自然主义的局限性。

After the reexamination of historical heritage of philosophical thinkings about naturalism, we thematized and studied contemporary debates on philosophical naturalism. The important results are as follows.(1) Against the dominant thesis, the naturalistic epistemology can account for aprioristic knowledge on the basis of the ideas of implicit understanding and imaginary connection of concepts.(2) The notion of color, which has been left to physical explanations without philosophical approach, can be proved to have a multidimensionality inaccessible to naturalistic reduction, reffering to phenomenological and Wittgensteinian opinions.(3) The anti-naturalistic position is defendable by showing that the eccessive naturalism or the philosophical skepticism is the doublet of the philosophical foundationalism or the strong demand of justification, and that both of them presuppose the experiences of "immanence" of freedom, rationality, truth or justice in the practical world of humankind.(4) In the late philosophy of Wittgenstein too, we can find a transcendental naturalism which situates meanings and norms in the human practice of "natural history".(5) We tried to clarify the limits of naturalism, in studying the situation of "ethics" in the history of Japanese thought and the possibility of "public philosophy" in the contemporary world.