Anti-Semitism after Auschwitz

在德国，自50年代以来，持反犹太主义观点的人数一直在减少。（Forsa研究（1998）：五分之一的德国人有潜在的反犹太态度。然而，根据宪法保护办公室2003-2005年的报告，登记在案的反犹太暴力犯罪总数稳步上升（2001年18起，2002年28起，2003年35起，2004年37起，2005年49起）。德国犹太人中央理事会主席、大屠杀幸存者诺布洛赫说，德国右翼暴力浪潮高涨，使她想起纳粹时代。虽然基于宗教教义和传统反犹太偏见的反犹太主义继续存在，但犹太领导人、学者和其他人认为，一种新的、非传统的反犹太主义形式正在德国出现。这是没有犹太人的反犹太主义，可以采取反犹太复国主义和犹太人集体负责以色列国政策的形式。右翼极端分子特别试图利用中东冲突。他们承认2001年9月11日袭击事件中的反犹太主义因素。2004年4月，德国政府主办了欧洲安全与合作组织（欧安组织）历史性的反犹太主义会议。会议通过了一项宣言，呼吁欧安组织成员国执行一套打击反犹太主义的具体措施。

In Germany, the number of individuals holding anti-Semitic views has been decreasing since the 50s. (Forsa Study(1998) : One in five Germans has a potential anti-Semitic attitude.) However, according to the 2003-2005 report by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, the total number of registered anti-Semitic violent crimes increased steadily(18 in 2001, 28 in 2002, 35 in 2003, 37 in 2004, 49 in 2005). The president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, Knobloch, a Holocaust survivor, says that the country is seeing a groundswell of right-wing violence which reminded her of the Nazi era.While anti-Semitism based on religious doctrines and traditional anti-Jewish prejudices continued to exist, Jewish leaders, academics, and others believe that a newer, nontraditional form of anti-Semitism is emerging in the country. It is anti-Semitism without Jews and can take the form of anti-Zionism and the Jews collectively responsible for the policies of the state of Israel.Right-wing extremists are trying in particular to take advantage of the Middle East conflicts. They recognized the anti-Semitic elements of the attacks of 11 September 2001. They have been speaking of a genocide of the Palestinian people.In April 2004, the German Government hosted a historic Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) conference on anti-Semitism. The conference led to a declaration calling on OSCE member states to implement a set of concrete measures to combat anti-Semitism.