A Study on the Role of "Association" Movements in the Process which establishes 'Animation' thoughts widely in the fields of School education and Social education in France

本研究历史地考察了“动画”这一活动在法国的产生和发展过程，并分析了今天的现状。本研究以“动画化”理念为基础，阐明了这一活动的性质和制度特质。它的注意力集中在“协会”的作用上，它是当时产生“动画”思想的活动基础。1）1960年左右产生的“动画”思想是作为国家政策的一部分诞生的，与青年人的增加和城市化相对应。它在本质上还具有中和自19世纪以来“大众教育”所具有的意识形态和政治性质的作用。以设施规划和人才培养为重点的“动画”体系已经形成。近年来，作为解决青年失业等社会问题的途径，“动画”理念再次引起人们的关注。 ...更多信息 “动画”理念，建立了承担“动画”活动的人员（“动画师”）的培训和资格制度。该制度在本质上具有两个特点。一是为了满足社会的多样化需要而扩大“动物”的种类，并不必然是对劳动的质量的保留，而是刺激了劳动的细分化和狭窄化;另一种是“协会”作为一个“动画师”的培训机构，扩大了活动的基础，坚持在该地区，或尽最大努力创造实际需要的工作。3）严重的学业成绩低下是自20世纪70年代后半期以来的社会问题（许多学生在“技术能力”考试中失败）。并以学校教育的边缘活动（activitesperiscolaires）为措施。一个“动画”的想法和它的活动很大程度上被它所吸收。这是因为与学习失败作斗争所需要的不仅仅是对学习本身的支持。也就是说，这是因为参加文化活动或发展社交已被公认为是必不可少的研究成功。这样，“动画”理念本身就发展成了包含“解决社会问题”这一新角色的理念。“少

This research examined historically the generation and developmental process of the activity called "animation" in France, and analyzed today's present condition. And this research clarified the character and the institutional special feature of the activity based on an "animation" idea. Its attention was paid to the role of the "association" on which was an activity base which produces an "animation" idea at that time.1) The idea of "animation" generated around 1960 was born as part of the national policy as correspondence to both the increase in youth and urbanization. It also had in the essence the role which neutralizes both the ideology and political nature which "popular education" had had since the 19th century. And the system of "animation" has developed focusing on facilities planning and personnel training. In recent years, the "animation" idea attracts attention again as approach to social problems, such as a youth's unemployment problem.2) In institutionalization of an "ani … More mation" idea, the system of the training and qualification for the personnel ("animateur") who bear "animation" activity, was established. The system has two characteristics in the nature. One is that expansion of the kind of "animatour" qualifications for the purpose of meeting the various social needs does not necessarily go to reservation of the quality of labor, but is stimulating subdivision and narrowness of labor rather. The other one is that the "association" which is an "animatour" training organization has extending the base of the activity stuck to the area, or doing one's best in creation of the job needed actually.3) The serious academic under-achievements are social problems since the second half of the 1970s (a lot of students fail in a "Techec scolaire" examination). And fringe activity (activites periscolaires) of school education was made as the measure. An "animation" idea and its activity are greatly taken in by it.That is because something required for the battle with studies failure is not only the support to the studies itself. That is, it is because participating in cultural activities or developing sociality has been recognized to be indispensable to a studies success. In this way, the "animation" idea itself has developed into the idea which includes the new role of "tackling a social problem." Less