The Comparative Study of agrarian Reform and Family Farm Management in Japan and Korea

在东北亚地区，尤其是日本、韩国，二战后进行了土地改革，开始了基于自耕农原则的家庭农场经营已是司空见惯。本文是关于二战后日本寿奈区和朝鲜忠南地区土地改革中的土地和人口流动的研究。特别是从“村”即农村社会的正式和非正式制度，以及土地改革的角度来考虑。农村土地改革有利于地主和大佃农。他们得到了更好的农田，而不是把农田发放给小佃农。发放给小佃农的耕地不如地主和大佃农。本文论证了，基于对村庄的定点观察，奇普(家庭)和墨尔(村庄)都限制了主要生产资料--土地、劳动力和资本--的商品化，这已经成为农业、农村和农民的安全网。韩国传统的小农道德经济也呈现结构性转型。韩国目前的两极农业结构包括绝大多数借地的老年农民和一小部分规模较大的农民。出借农田的老年农民从70岁开始退出农业，只有一小部分中老年是规模化农民。从而论证了按耕地面积划分的耕作结构与按户主年龄划分的耕作结构是一致的。本文还表明，这种小农耕道德经济自我复兴的可能性很小。

In Northeast Asia, especially in Japan, Korea, it has been common that they had an agrarian reform after the World War II and started the family farm management based on the owner farmer principle. This is a study on the movement of land and people the agrarian reform after the world war II, in Japan-Shounai district and Korea Chungnam district. Especially, this report considers it from the viewpoint of "mura", which means the formal and informal system of a rural society, and the agrarian reform.The substance is following.1. The agrarian reform on village was in advantage of the landowners and the big tenantfarmers. They got superior farmland, instead of releasing farmland to the small tenantfarmers. The farmland released to the small tenantfarmers was inferior to those of the landowners and big tenantfarmers.2. This paper demonstrates that based on the fixed-point observation of villages, both Chip(families) and Meul(villages) place limits on the commercialization of the primary means of production--land, labor, and capital--, something which has become a safety net for agriculture, villages, and farmers. The traditional small farming moral economy of South Korea also displays structural transformation. South Korea now has a bipolar farming structure consisting of an overwhelming majority of elderly farmers who lend the farmland and a small minority of large-scale farmers. The elderly farmers who lend the farmland began to retire from agriculture at the age of 70, and only a small portion of middle-aged and senior adults are large-scale farmers. Consequently, this paper demonstrates that the farming structure according to the size of the farmland is consistent with the farming structure according to the age of the head of a household. This paper also shows that this small farming moral economy has very little possibility of reviving itself.