Progress of Globalization in Higher Education

许多国家正在通过培养精英高等教育机构来促进技术发展。特别是像中国这样的发展中国家，已经承担了建设世界一流大学的国家项目，有足够的支持资金，并且每年的学术发表率突飞猛进。自20世纪90年代末以来，英国、法国、德国、美国和日本这五个学术研究大国的学术出版份额一直在下降。中国、韩国等是世界上经济增长最快的国家，这些国家的顶尖大学的研究活动也在急剧增加，最近也进入了世界顶尖大学的行列。这些国家将很快被视为约瑟夫·本·大卫所提到的“学习中心”。这种趋势表明了“学习中心”的扩散。从学术生产力（即每年发表在学术期刊上的论文数）的角度来看，中国和韩国等发展中国家的年增长率远高于Price的研究结果。全球学术出版的增长率约为每年4.6%（每15年翻一番），而中国和韩国的增长率约为每年10%。另一方面，已经发达的国家的利率接近或略低一些。中国高校科研活动爆发式增长的原因不仅在于经费的增加，还在于与其他规模较小的大学合并，以及（或）为了规模优势而成立新的院系。

Many countries are promoting technological development through fostering elite higher education institutions. Particularly, developing countries such as China, etc. have undertaken national projects to establish world-class top universities with sufficient support funds, and to abruptly increase the annual rate of academic publishing. Five major countries in academic research, e.g., UK, France, Germany, USA and Japan, have been losing their share of academic publishing since the late of 1990's.China, Korea, etc. show the highest economic increases in the world, and the top universities of those countries also show abrupt increase in their research activities, and have recently joined the ranks of top universities in the world. Those countries will soon be regarded among "the centers of learning" mentioned by Joseph Ben David. This tendency indicates the diffusion of "the centers of learning".From the point of view of academic productivity, i.e., annual number of papers published in academic journals, developing countries, i.e., China and Korea, show much higher annual increase rates than that found by Price. The worldwide rate of increase in academic publishing is about 4.6% per year (doubling in every 15 years), while the rates for China and Korea are about 10% per year. On the other hand, already-advanced countries show rates around those of Price, or a little less.The reasons for Chinese universities' explosive increase in research activities can be explained not only by increasing sufficient funds, but also by mergers with other smaller universities, and/or founding of new departments for advantages of scale.