Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorter (FACS)

荧光激活细胞分选是分离不同细胞群的理想技术。在生物技术中，如果与荧光读数相结合，这项技术可以用于蛋白质(以及潜在的其他生物分子或特性)的定向进化。对于信使核糖核酸技术，基于液滴的分选提供了关于所需特性的优化序列的机会，例如改进的稳定性和翻译。FACS的特点之一是高通量和高速度，并结合温和的分离，允许在分选后继续培养细胞。结合下一代RNA测序，细胞分选使细胞群体的转录组分析成为可能，并正在迅速向单细胞发展。此外，流式细胞术在细胞表面标记的分析和定量方面也是多才多艺的。这使得能够评估和改进生物化学方法和生物正交反应在活细胞上的标记效率。除了哺乳动物细胞，细菌细胞也可以被分选。这提供了直接在细胞内或在细胞表面建立和验证新型分子工具的途径。即使是人工囊泡也可以通过这项技术进行分类，如果它们在水溶液中可用的话，使人工动态系统能够进行分析。

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting represents an ideal technology for isolation of distinct cell populations. In biotechnology, this technology can be used for directed evolution of proteins (and potentially other biomolecules or properties), if coupled to a fluorescent readout. For the mRNA technology, droplet-based sorting provides the opportunity to optimize sequences regarding desired properties, such as improved stability and translation. One of the hallmarks of FACS is the high throughput and speed in combination with mild isolation, allowing continued cultivation of cells after sorting. In combination with next generation RNA sequencing, cell sorting enables transcriptome analysis of cell populations and is rapidly advancing towards single cells.In addition, flow cytometry is versatile for analysis and quantification of cell surface labeling. This enables to assess and improve biochemical methods and bioorthogonal reactions regarding their labeling efficiency on living cells.In addition to mammalian cells, bacterial cells can be sorted. This provides access to establishing and validating novel molecular tools directly in cells or on the cell surface. Even artificial vesicles can be sorted by this technology, if they are available in aqueous solution, making artificial dynamic systems accessible for analysis.