Pottery usage and societal restauration after the demise of the Mycenaean palaces: The northwestern Lower Town of TIryns as a case example

公元前1200年左右，迈锡尼宫殿的毁灭标志着希腊早期历史上最重大的历史转折之一，因为宫殿的毁灭不仅使由瓦纳克特统治的政治秩序、文字和行政管理的使用消失了，而且使纪念性建筑的建造和许多手工艺品的产品也消失了。然而，在发掘过程中最常被发现的那一类，即陶器，似乎奇怪地没有受到这些剧烈变化的影响。由于迈锡尼彩陶在日常生活和非日常生活中都被用作餐具，这些清晰的连续性表明，在宫殿被毁后，这种陶器所涉及的一些场合肯定幸存了下来。目前的研究项目的指导思想是，从宫殿时期到后宫殿时期的共生实践的连续性是促成社会恢复努力成功的因素之一，这一点在公元前1200年左右宫殿被毁后的提林斯尤为明显。通过在不同层次的定居社区实践的这些社会交流形式，创造了一种新的常态，稳定和巩固了社会条件，这是由于传统的链条，它似乎继续使用看起来类似于宫殿后期的陶器。研究这个研究项目的中心思想的起点是在西北部下城的挖掘，其结构和发现目前构成了研究希腊中部和南部早期后宫殿时期的关键材料。通过分析从宫殿时代到后宫殿时代过渡的封闭环境中陶瓷餐具组成的变化，可以洞察食物储存、准备和消费实践的共时性变化和历时性变化，并得出社会行动者可能的意图的结论。这样，就会出现对共生实践的变化及其所基于的社会条件的新见解。

The destruction of the Mycenaean palaces around 1200 BCE marks one of the most momentous historical breaks in the early history of Greece, since with the palaces not only the political order dominated by the wanaktes and the use of writing and administration disappeared, but also the construction of monumental architecture and the products of many artisanal crafts. Yet, precisely the find category that is found most frequently during excavations, namely pottery, seems to have remained strangely unaffected by these drastic changes. Since Mycenaean painted pottery was used as a tableware in both everyday and non-everyday commensal practices, these clear lines of continuity suggest that some of the occasions in which this pottery was involved must have survived the destruction of the palaces. The present research project is guided by the idea that the continuity of commensal practices from the palatial to the post-palatial period was one of the factors contributing to the success of the efforts towards social restoration, which were particularly evident in Tiryns after the destruction of the palaces around 1200 BCE. Through these forms of social communication practiced at different levels of a settlement community, a new normality was created, which stabilized and consolidated social conditions due to the chain of tradition which it seemed to continue by using pottery that looked similar to the one of the late palatial period. The starting point for investigating this central idea of the research project are the excavations in the northwestern Lower Town, whose structures and finds currently form the key material for studying the early postpalatial period in all of central and southern Greece. By analyzing the changes in the composition of sets of ceramic tableware in closed find contexts of the transition from the palatial to the post-palatial period, insights into the synchronic variability and the diachronic change in the practices of the storage, preparation and consumption of food as well as conclusions about the possible intentions of social actors will be gained. In this way, new insights into the changes of commensal practices and the social conditions on which they were based will emerge.