Analytical Ultracentrifuge

分析超速离心仪是一种对溶剂中的分散体系进行高精度表征的仪器，特别是纳米颗粒和大分子。通过离心场对样品进行分离，表征了样品不同参数的分布。特别是沉淀扩散系数、颗粒大小和形状、摩尔质量和密度的分布。对于相互作用的体系，可以表征化学计量比和平衡常数。由于所有的粒子/分子都被检测到，所以测量的统计意义非常高。与颗粒大小有关的分辨率在亚纳米区域。此外，分析超速离心法是一种绝对的方法，这意味着不需要参考标准。如果应用多波长吸收检测器，可以通过混合物的UV/Vis光谱来识别不同的组分。此外，还可以直接确定光学性质与颗粒大小的依赖关系，这对于分析具有尺寸相关性质的金属和半导体纳米颗粒特别有价值。分析超速离心法将在表征(生物)大分子及其相互作用、团簇、纳米颗粒及其相互作用、自组装甚至复杂流体方面得到非常广泛的应用。因此，该仪器对于解决各种科学问题具有重要意义。

An analytical Ultracentrifuge is an instrument for highly precise characterization of disperse systems in a solvent, especially nanoparticles and macromolecules. The sample is separated by the centrifugal field and the distribution of different parameters of the sample is characterized. These are especially distributions of the sedimentation and diffusion coefficient, of the particle size and shape, the molar mass and density. For interacting systems, a characterization of the stoichiometry and equilibrium constants is possible. Since all particles/molecules are detected, the statistical significance of the measurements is very high. The resolution with respect to particle size is in the sub-nm regime. In addition, analytical ultracentrifugation is an absolute method meaning that no reference standards are needed. If a multiwavelength absorption detector is applied, different components in mixtures can be identified by their UV/Vis spectra. In addition, the dependence of the optical properties on the particle size can be directly determined, which is especially valuable for the analysis of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles with size dependent properties.The analytical ultracentrifuge shall be very broadly applied for the characterization of (bio)macromolecules and their interactions, of clusters, nanoparticles and their interactions, self-assembly and even complex fluids. Therefore, the instrument is important for the solution of a variety of scientific problems.