Research on Air Pollution and Evaluation of the Environmental Effects in Siberian Wetland.

自1994年以来，已在西伯利亚的雅库茨克、蒂克西和诺里尔斯克测量了大气中气溶胶化学物质和二氧化硫、一氧化氮和二氧化氮等气体污染物的浓度。在蒂克西，元素碳、有机物、硫酸盐和铅、铜、钒、镍和砷等重金属的浓度在冬季和春季增加。结果表明，北极雾霾也发生在蒂克西地区附近。在诺里尔斯克，大气中二氧化硫的浓度高达260 ppbv，是札幌的10倍。诺里尔斯克周围的松叶、苔藓和表层土壤中含有大量的硫酸盐和铜、镍、钴、铅等重金属，这些重金属来自诺里尔斯克市的镍铜冶炼厂。表层土壤的上层（活性层）含有较高浓度的硫酸盐和重金属。利用土壤中污染物浓度的垂直剖面，我们计算了诺里尔斯克市冶炼厂这30年来排放的污染物的累积量。10天的逆向轨迹分析表明，冬季大量空气污染物从乌拉尔工业和诺里尔斯克地区输送到季克西。

Atmospheric concentrations of aerosol chemical species and gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide have been measured at Yakutsk, Tiksi and Norilsk in Siberia since 1994.At Tiksi concentrations of elemental carbon, organic matter, sulfate and heavy metals as lead, copper, vanadium, nickel and arsenic increase in winter and spring. The results show occurance of the arctic haze also around Tiksi area.At Norilsk, atmospheric concentration of sulfur dioxide is high as 260 ppbv, which is ten times more than that in Sapporo. Pine leaves, moss and surface soil around Norilsk contain much amount of sulfate and heavy metals as copper, nickel, cobalt and lead, which are derived from the nickel and copper smeltery in Norilsk city. The upper layer in the surface soil (active layer) contains higher concentrations of sulfate and heavy metals. By using the vertical profile of the pollutant concentration in soil, we calculated accumulation of the pollutants for these 30 years emitted from the smeltry in Norilsk city.Ten days backward trajectory analysis shows that a large amount of air pollutants is transported from Ural industry and Norilsk area to Tiksi in winter.