The roles of the public and private sectors in urban policy

在1997年至1999年期间，我们研究了公共部门、私营部门和第三部门在城市和住房政策领域的作用，比较了日本和英国的经验。为了研究政策执行的实际情况，我们做了几个实地研究，如东京和伯明翰的城市住房的修复和更新政策，以及福岛等地方城市的再生政策实地研究。我们得出了以下初步结论。自从1997年工党新一届政府当选以来，英国在许多领域推行所谓的“第三条道路”政策。在住房和城市政策领域，公共和私营部门之间的伙伴关系占据中心地位。相反，日本政府至今仍强调民间主体和市场机制，对第三部门的发展并没有明确的思路。非营利组织和非政府组织成为日本和英国城市和住房政策中最重要的角色。两国政府都鼓励人们自愿参与城市和住房政策，于是能力建设的概念成为基本和根本的理念。在英国，有一种独特的运动趋向于统一的综合城市和住房政策，社会排斥成为评估和执行城市住房政策的基本概念。然而，在日本却没有像社会排斥这样清晰全面的概念，迫切需要发展关键概念。基于这些研究，我们现在正在写两本书，《英国的城市住房再生》（日文）和《日本的住房和城市政策》（日文）。

During 1997 to 1999, we have examined the roles of public, private, and the third sectors in urban and housing policy field, comparing Japanese and British experience. In order to study actual situation of policy enforcement, we have done several field studies, such as a rehabilitation and renewal policy of urban housing in Tokyo and Birmingham, and a field research of regeneration policy of local cities like Fukushima. We have reached the following tentative conclusion.Since the election of new labor government in 1997, a socalled "the third way" policy has been pursued in many areas in the U.K.. In the fields of housing and urban policy, the partnership between public and private sectors has occupied a central position. On the contrary, the Japanese government even now emphasizes private initiatives and market mechanism, and has not developed any clear ideas for the promotion of the third sector.Non profit and non governmental organizations became the most important actors in the urban and housing policy both in Japan and the U.K.. Both government have encouraged people's voluntarily community involvement in urban and housing policy and then a concept of capacity building became the basic and fundamental idea.There is a distinctive movement toward a unified comprehensive urban and housing policy, and a social exclusion became a basic concept for evaluating and enforcing urban housing policy in the U.K.. However, in Japan there is no clear comprehensive concept like social exclusion and the need for the development of key concepts is urgent.Based on these research we are now in the process of writing 2 books, urban housing regeneration in the U.K. (written in Japanese) and housing and urban policy in Japan (in Japanese).